NCLEX NCLEX-RN
NCLEX RN Exam Questions
1. Which finding indicates to the nurse that a patient's transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placed 3 months ago has been effective?
- A. Increased serum albumin level
- B. Decreased indirect bilirubin level
- C. Improved alertness and orientation
- D. Fewer episodes of bleeding varices
Correct answer: Fewer episodes of bleeding varices
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Fewer episodes of bleeding varices.' A transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is used to reduce pressure in the portal venous system, thus decreasing the risk of bleeding from esophageal varices. This outcome would indicate the effectiveness of the TIPS procedure. The other choices are incorrect because: Increased serum albumin level and decreased indirect bilirubin level are not direct indicators of TIPS effectiveness. Improved alertness and orientation could be influenced by various factors and may not directly correlate with the effectiveness of the TIPS procedure. Additionally, TIPS can actually increase the risk of hepatic encephalopathy, which contradicts the choice of improved alertness and orientation.
2. The NFPA diamond has four colors. The blue diamond:
- A. indicates hazards to health.
- B. designates that it is safe to use water to put out this type of fire.
- C. indicates that ice is necessary to treat an injury with this type of chemical.
- D. indicates that the chemical may be incinerated upon disposal.
Correct answer: indicates hazards to health.
Rationale: The National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA) uses a safety diamond to communicate the level of threat posed by a specific chemical. The blue diamond in the NFPA diamond system signifies potential health hazards associated with the use of that chemical. Choice B is incorrect because the blue diamond does not indicate anything about using water to extinguish fires. Choice C is incorrect as the NFPA diamond does not provide information on treating injuries. Choice D is also incorrect as the blue diamond does not suggest incineration upon disposal; it pertains to health hazards.
3. A 53-year-old patient is being treated for bleeding esophageal varices with balloon tamponade. Which nursing action will be included in the plan of care?
- A. Instruct the patient to cough every hour
- B. Monitor the patient for shortness of breath
- C. Verify the position of the balloon every 4 hours
- D. Deflate the gastric balloon if the patient reports nausea
Correct answer: Monitor the patient for shortness of breath
Rationale: The correct nursing action for a patient with balloon tamponade for bleeding esophageal varices is to monitor the patient for shortness of breath. The most common complication of balloon tamponade is aspiration pneumonia. Additionally, if the gastric balloon ruptures, the esophageal balloon may slip upward and occlude the airway. Instructing the patient to cough every hour is incorrect as coughing increases the pressure on the varices and raises the risk of bleeding. Verifying the position of the balloon every 4 hours is unnecessary as it is typically done after insertion. Deflating the gastric balloon if the patient reports nausea is incorrect because deflating it may cause the esophageal balloon to occlude the airway, leading to complications. Therefore, monitoring for signs of respiratory distress is crucial in this situation.
4. Before discharging an anxious client, which information about anxiety would the nurse teach the family?
- A. Anxiety is a totally unique feeling and experience.
- B. Apprehension is generalized to the total environment.
- C. Fears result from conscious actions, thoughts, and wishes.
- D. Anxiety is a pattern of emotional and behavioral responses to stress.
Correct answer: D: Anxiety is a pattern of emotional and behavioral responses to stress.
Rationale: Anxiety is a human response consisting of both physical and emotional changes that everyone experiences when faced with stressful situations. It is a pattern of emotional and behavioral responses to stress. Anxiety is a common experience for many individuals. Apprehension is usually related to a specific aspect of the environment rather than the total environment. Fears are not intentionally or consciously generated.
5. Mr. and Mrs. K have just adopted a newborn infant and are preparing to take him home from the hospital for the first time. Which safety measure is most appropriate for the clients in this situation?
- A. Turn the handles of pans on the stove inward
- B. Set up a baby gate at the top of the stairs
- C. Cover electrical outlets with child-proof plugs
- D. Install an approved car seat that is facing backward in the back seat
Correct answer: Install an approved car seat that is facing backward in the back seat
Rationale: Parents of newborn infants should use an approved car seat that has been installed facing backward in the back seat of the car. Securing infants in car seats, even from the first ride home from the hospital, promotes safety while transporting. While safety measures at home such as baby gates or outlet covers are important, they are not the priority safety measures until the baby is old enough to be mobile. The car seat is crucial for protecting the newborn during transportation, ensuring proper positioning and restraint in the event of sudden stops or accidents. Turning handles of pans on the stove inward, setting up a baby gate, and covering electrical outlets are important safety measures at home but are not as critical for the immediate safety of a newborn during transportation.
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