Free Reading Comprehension practice for Reading Comprehension Version 3 (HESI A2). Answer 25 nursing exam-style questions with rationales, exam mode, and progre
What is the meaning of the word phenomenon in the second paragraph?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
In the context of the passage, the word 'phenomenon' refers to something that is significant but unusual. The Doppler Effect described is a scientific phenomenon, meaning it is an observable event that is noteworthy and not commonly encountered. It is not related to being lifeless, nonchalant, or having a chemical origin. The explanation in the passage clearly illustrates how the Doppler Effect is a remarkable occurrence that affects the perception of sound based on the relative motion of the source and the listener.
What is the author's primary purpose in writing this passage?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The correct answer is C. The author's primary purpose in writing this passage is to inform the reader about how movement affects sound, specifically focusing on the Doppler Effect. The author explains how sound waves change when a source of sound is in motion, leading to differences in pitch perceived by a listener. The passage aims to educate readers on this scientific phenomenon rather than entertain, provide safety tips, or compare train and ambulance sounds, making option C the most fitting choice.
Which statement best describes the importance of the sugars produced during photosynthesis?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
Choice B, 'They are used by plants for energy and growth,' best describes the importance of the sugars produced during photosynthesis. The sugars serve as the primary source of energy for plants, fueling their metabolic processes and providing the necessary building blocks for growth and development. While water content in the air, cooling of plant leaves, and insect attraction are all relevant processes in plants, the primary function of the sugars produced during photosynthesis is to support the plant's energy needs and growth.
Which sound waves have a higher pitch?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The correct answer is A: 'Those waves that are closer together.' In the Doppler Effect, when a source of sound moves towards a listener, the sound waves are compressed, resulting in a higher frequency and therefore a higher pitch. Conversely, when the source moves away from the listener, the waves are stretched, leading to a lower frequency and a lower pitch. This phenomenon explains why the whistle of a locomotive or the siren of an ambulance changes pitch as it approaches and then moves away. Therefore, the sound waves that are closer together have a higher pitch.
Which sound waves have a lower pitch?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
Sound waves that are farther apart have a lower pitch. In the Doppler Effect, as a source of sound moves away from a listener, the sound waves get stretched out, causing a decrease in frequency and resulting in a lower pitch. Conversely, when a source of sound moves toward a listener, the sound waves get compressed, leading to an increase in frequency and a higher pitch. This phenomenon explains why the pitch of sound changes depending on whether the source is moving towards or away from the listener.
What is the meaning of the word pathogens as it is used in the first paragraph?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The correct answer is C: 'disease-causing substances.' Pathogens refer to microorganisms such as bacteria, parasites, or viruses that can cause diseases. In the context of foodborne illnesses, pathogens are substances that contaminate food and lead to infections when consumed. Understanding the term 'pathogens' is crucial in identifying sources of contamination and preventing foodborne illnesses.
What is the meaning of the word sterile as it is used in the second paragraph?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
In the context of the second paragraph, the term 'sterile' refers to being free of bacteria. Raw foods are mentioned as the most common source of foodborne illnesses because they are not sterile, meaning they are not free of bacteria. Foods like raw meat, poultry, and eggs can be contaminated with harmful bacteria like Salmonella. Understanding the term 'sterile' in this context is crucial to grasp the importance of proper food handling and cooking techniques to prevent foodborne illnesses.
How does photosynthesis contribute to the carbon cycle?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
Photosynthesis contributes to the carbon cycle by converting atmospheric carbon dioxide into sugars. During photosynthesis, plants use carbon dioxide from the air and water from the soil to produce sugars. This process helps in removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, reducing its levels. The sugars produced are utilized by the plant for energy and growth, with excess energy stored as starch. Ultimately, this conversion of carbon dioxide into sugars is a crucial step in the carbon cycle, as it plays a significant role in regulating the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and maintaining the balance of gases essential for life on Earth.
What would likely happen if chlorophyll was absent in plants?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
If chlorophyll was absent in plants, they would not be able to capture light energy effectively. Chlorophyll is the pigment responsible for absorbing sunlight, a crucial step in the process of photosynthesis. Without chlorophyll, plants would lack the ability to convert light energy into chemical energy, leading to a significant impairment or cessation of photosynthesis. This would ultimately hinder the production of sugars, oxygen release, and overall plant growth and survival.
Which gas is crucial for the survival of most life forms and is released during photosynthesis?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
During photosynthesis, oxygen is crucial for the survival of most life forms and is released into the atmosphere. Oxygen is a byproduct of the photosynthetic process, where carbon dioxide and water react in the presence of light to form sugars and oxygen. This released oxygen is essential for the respiration of many living organisms, making it a critical component for their survival. Without the oxygen released during photosynthesis, many organisms would not be able to carry out cellular respiration, which is vital for their energy production and survival.
Which of the following statements is not supported by the passage?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The correct answer is D. The passage states that an increase in blood pressure can occur if the arterial walls lose some of their elasticity due to age or disease, not necessarily always by disease. Therefore, the statement that loss of arterial wall elasticity is always caused by disease is not supported by the passage. Choices A, B, and C are all facts supported by the information provided in the passage.
What is the main idea of the passage?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The main idea of the passage is to explain the phenomenon known as the Doppler Effect, which describes how the frequency of sound waves changes as a source of sound moves relative to an observer. The passage illustrates this with examples of a traveling train and ambulance. As the objects approach the listener, the sound waves are compressed, resulting in a higher frequency and a higher pitch heard by the observer. Conversely, as the objects move away, the sound waves are stretched, leading to a lower frequency and a lower pitch. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as it summarizes the key concept of the Doppler Effect and its impact on sound perception.
What is the author's primary purpose in discussing the Doppler Effect in this essay?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The author's primary purpose in writing the essay about the Doppler Effect is to inform the reader about how movement affects sound. The essay explains the scientific phenomenon of the Doppler Effect and how it influences the perception of sound when objects like trains and ambulances are in motion. The focus is on how the movement of these objects toward or away from the listener alters the frequency and pitch of the sound waves. The essay aims to educate the reader on this specific aspect of physics rather than entertain or analyze differences between train and ambulance sounds.
Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence.
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The word 'labile' in the sentence refers to something that is likely to change or fluctuate rapidly. In the context provided, the child's labile condition indicates that the child's health is unstable or unpredictable, causing worry to the parents. 'Volatile' means liable to change rapidly and unpredictably, making it the correct interpretation of 'labile' in this sentence.
Which sound waves have a higher pitch?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The correct answer is A: Sound waves that are closer together. The Doppler Effect explains that when a source of sound is moving towards an observer, the sound waves are compressed, resulting in a higher frequency and thus a higher pitch. This phenomenon occurs when the source of the sound moves closer, causing the waves to be closer together. As the object moves away, the waves stretch out, leading to a lower frequency and a lower pitch. Therefore, sound waves that are closer together have a higher pitch, while those that are farther apart have a lower pitch.
What is the primary function of photosynthesis?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The primary function of photosynthesis is to convert light energy into chemical energy stored in sugar molecules. During photosynthesis, plants, algae, and certain bacteria use sunlight to synthesize sugars from carbon dioxide and water. This process is essential for providing energy to nearly all organisms on Earth. While photosynthesis releases oxygen into the atmosphere as a byproduct, its main purpose is the conversion of light energy into chemical energy, making choice B the correct answer.
Which of the following is NOT a product of photosynthesis?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The correct answer is C: 'Nitrogen.' During photosynthesis, oxygen, sugar, and ATP are all products of the process. Oxygen is released into the atmosphere, sugar is the main product used by the plant for energy and growth, and ATP is a form of stored chemical energy. However, nitrogen is not a direct product of photosynthesis. The process primarily involves the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into sugars and oxygen, with nitrogen not being part of the immediate products.
What happens during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
During the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll and converted into stored chemical energy. This energy is in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), which are essential for the Calvin cycle to occur. Therefore, choice C, 'Light energy is converted into chemical energy,' is the correct answer as it describes the primary transformation that takes place in this phase of photosynthesis.
Why is photosynthesis important for life on Earth?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
Photosynthesis is crucial for life on Earth because it maintains atmospheric oxygen levels. During photosynthesis, plants, algae, and certain bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy stored in sugars, releasing oxygen into the atmosphere. This oxygen is essential for the survival of most life forms on Earth. While photosynthesis does support plant growth and energy storage, its primary significance lies in its role in oxygen production, which is vital for sustaining life on our planet.
What is the main idea of the passage?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The main idea of the passage is to explain the phenomenon of the Doppler Effect, which is demonstrated by the sound changes produced by a moving object like a train or an ambulance. As these objects approach a listener, the sound waves are compressed, resulting in a higher frequency and pitch. Conversely, as they move away, the waves are stretched, leading to a lower frequency and pitch. This effect is what causes the sound to be initially loud and then fade away after the object passes, as observed with the ambulance and locomotive.
What is the author's primary purpose in writing this essay?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The author's primary purpose in writing the essay is to inform the reader about how movement affects sound, specifically focusing on the Doppler Effect. The essay explains the scientific phenomenon of sound waves being affected by the movement of objects like trains and ambulances, resulting in changes in pitch as they approach or move away from a listener. Therefore, the correct answer is C because the main goal is to educate readers on the relationship between movement and sound.
What would likely happen if chlorophyll were absent in plants?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
If chlorophyll were absent in plants, they would not be able to capture light energy effectively. Chlorophyll is the pigment responsible for absorbing light energy during photosynthesis. Without chlorophyll, plants would lack the key component needed to convert light energy into chemical energy, resulting in a significant impairment of the photosynthesis process. This would lead to a decrease in the plant's ability to produce sugars and oxygen, ultimately impacting their growth and survival. Therefore, option B is the correct answer as the absence of chlorophyll would hinder the plant's ability to capture light energy efficiently.
In the body, an array of systemic neural responses constantly occur, emitting electric currents. The electric currents can be detected on the surface of the body, and if a person is hooked to an amplifier, these impulses are recorded by an electrocardiograph. What is the meaning of the word emitting as it is used in the second paragraph?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The correct answer is B, 'Releasing.' In this context, 'emitting' refers to the action of releasing electric currents. The passage describes how electric currents are constantly emitted by systemic neural responses in the body. These emitted currents can be detected on the body's surface and recorded by an electrocardiograph. Therefore, the term 'emitting' in this context means 'releasing' electric currents.
What is the best summary of the passage?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The passage discusses how the electrocardiogram (ECG) measures the 'wave of excitation' in the heart, detailing the three distinct steps from the SA node to the AV node. Option A is incorrect as it oversimplifies the process and does not focus on the ECG's specific function. Option B is partially correct but lacks the key point about the stages of excitation and the nodes involved. Option D is too general and does not highlight the specific process of the 'wave of excitation' as explained in the passage. Therefore, Option C is the best summary as it accurately reflects the systematic measurement and recording of the 'wave of excitation' within the heart by the ECG.
What are the three steps of the 'wave of excitation' during an electrocardiogram?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The correct sequence of the 'wave of excitation' during an electrocardiogram includes the excitation of the atrium (contraction), the excitement of the ventricle (peak ECG), and the relaxing of the ventricle. This process starts with the discharge from the SA node, followed by the peak ECG due to the AV node, and ends with the relaxation of the ventricles. Understanding this sequence is crucial for interpreting ECG readings accurately and identifying any abnormalities within the heart.
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