NCLEX-RN
NCLEX RN Exam Prep
1. Which statement best describes evidence-based practice?
- A. Reading and analyzing research reports to determine their implementation in nursing practice
- B. Collecting data to evaluate the efficiency of nursing practice in delivering quality care
- C. Monitoring unit practices to ensure adherence to Joint Commission standards
- D. Using the most effective, current, and applicable information to guide nursing care for the best outcomes
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Evidence-based practice involves utilizing the most effective, current, and relevant information to inform nursing care decisions for optimal client outcomes. While research reports and data collection are important components of evidence-based practice, the essence lies in integrating all available information to determine the best course of action. Monitoring compliance with standards, as described in choices A and C, is essential for quality assurance but does not capture the comprehensive nature of evidence-based practice.
2. A patient is seen in the clinic for reports of "fainting episodes that started last week."? How would the nurse proceed with the examination?
- A. Blood pressure readings are taken in both arms and thighs.
- B. The patient is assisted to a lying position, and their blood pressure is taken.
- C. The patient's blood pressure is recorded in lying, sitting, and standing positions.
- D. The patient's blood pressure is recorded in lying and sitting positions; these numbers are then averaged to obtain a mean blood pressure.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: When a patient reports fainting episodes, it is crucial to assess for orthostatic hypotension. If the nurse suspects volume depletion, the patient has hypertension, is on antihypertensive medications, or has a history of fainting or syncope, blood pressure readings should be taken in three positions: lying, sitting, and standing. This assessment helps detect orthostatic hypotension, which can provide valuable information about the patient's condition. Taking blood pressure readings in multiple positions allows for a comprehensive evaluation of possible postural changes in blood pressure. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not cover the necessary positions to assess for orthostatic hypotension effectively.
3. What is the initial step to take when a patient passes out at the front desk?
- A. Call 911.
- B. Initiate CPR.
- C. Shake the patient and ask if they are okay.
- D. Check for a pulse.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct initial step when a patient passes out at the front desk is to shake the patient gently and ask if they are okay. This step aims to assess the patient's level of responsiveness. Checking for a pulse or initiating CPR should only be done if the patient does not respond to being shaken. Calling 911 can be the next step after assessing the patient's immediate condition and providing necessary assistance.
4. When performing a physical examination, safety must be considered to protect the examiner and the patient against the spread of infection. Which of these statements describes the most appropriate action the nurse would take when performing a physical examination?
- A. Washing one's hands after removing gloves is necessary, even if the gloves are still intact
- B. Hands are washed before and after every physical patient encounter
- C. Hands are washed before the examination of each body system to prevent the spread of bacteria from one part of the body to another
- D. Gloves are worn throughout the entire examination to demonstrate concern regarding the spread of infectious diseases
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The most appropriate action for the nurse to take when performing a physical examination is to wash their hands before and after every physical patient encounter. This practice helps prevent the spread of infection. Hands should also be washed after contact with blood, body fluids, secretions, and excretions, and after contact with any equipment contaminated with body fluids. It is crucial to wash hands after removing gloves, even if the gloves appear intact. Choice A is incorrect because washing hands after removing gloves is necessary to ensure thorough hygiene. Choice C is incorrect because hands should be washed before and after every patient encounter, not just before examining each body system. Choice D is incorrect because gloves should be worn when there is potential contact with body fluids, but they do not need to be worn throughout the entire examination.
5. The client often sighs and says in a monotone voice, 'I'm never going to get over this.' When encouraged to participate in care, the client says, 'I don't have the energy.' These cues are suggestive of which nursing diagnoses? Select all that apply.
- A. Hopelessness
- B. Power
- C. Interrupted sleep pattern
- D. Disturbed self-esteem
Correct answer: A
Rationale: A nursing diagnosis involves clinical judgment about a response to a health problem. In this scenario, the client's expressions of feeling overwhelmed and lacking energy indicate feelings of hopelessness and powerlessness. While fatigue is mentioned, there is no direct evidence to support an interrupted sleep pattern, making option C incorrect. Similarly, disturbed self-esteem and self-care deficit are not evident from the given cues, making options D and E incorrect.
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