Nursing Elites

1. What is the most important step that healthcare personnel can take to prevent the transmission of microorganisms in the hospital setting?

• A. Wear protective eyewear at all times.
• B. Wear gloves whenever in direct contact with patients.
• C. Wash hands before and after contact with each patient.
• D. Clean the stethoscope with an alcohol swab between patients.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The most crucial step in preventing the transmission of microorganisms in the hospital setting is proper hand hygiene. Healthcare personnel should wash their hands thoroughly before and after each patient contact to reduce the risk of spreading infections. While cleaning the stethoscope with an alcohol swab between patients is recommended, it is secondary to hand hygiene. Wearing protective eyewear at all times is not necessary for routine patient care unless specifically indicated, and wearing gloves only when in direct contact with patients is important but not as critical as proper handwashing. Therefore, the correct answer is to wash hands before and after contact with each patient.

2. Which of the following is an example of client handling equipment?

• A. Wheelchair
• B. Height-adjustable bed
• C. Shower chair
• D. Call light

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Client handling equipment is designed to reduce stress and workload on healthcare professionals who assist, turn, or lift clients, aiming to decrease the risk of injuries from improper lifting techniques. A height-adjustable bed is a prime example of client handling equipment as it allows healthcare providers to raise the client to a suitable working height, facilitating care provision. Choices A, C, and D are not examples of client handling equipment. While a wheelchair, shower chair, and call light are essential in client care settings, they are not intended to aid in handling and lifting clients.

3. A client is having difficulties reading an educational pamphlet. He cannot find his glasses. In order to read the words, he must hold the pamphlet at arm's length, which allows him to read the information. Which vision deficit does this client most likely suffer from?

• A. Cataracts
• B. Glaucoma
• C. Astigmatism
• D. Presbyopia

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Presbyopia is a condition that occurs when the lens of the eye loses accommodation and is unable to focus light on objects nearby. As a result, clients are unable to see or read items up close but may have success when holding the same item at arm's length. Many clients with presbyopia must wear bifocals, but long-distance vision remains unaffected. Cataracts involve clouding of the eye's lens, leading to blurry vision. Glaucoma is associated with increased intraocular pressure that damages the optic nerve, causing vision loss. Astigmatism is a refractive error where the cornea or lens has an irregular shape, leading to distorted or blurred vision.

4. For a patient who is blood type AB, which blood product can they receive?

• A. Plasma from a type B donor
• B. Whole blood from a type A donor
• C. Packed RBCs from a type O donor
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A patient with blood type AB has AB antigens on their red blood cells. This means they can only receive blood products that are compatible with these antigens. Choice A is incorrect because an AB patient cannot receive plasma from a type B donor due to the antibodies present in type B plasma. Choice B is incorrect because an AB patient cannot receive whole blood from a type A donor as it contains incompatible antigens. Choice C is the correct answer because an AB patient can receive packed RBCs from a type O donor. Type O donors have no A or B antigens, making their blood compatible for transfusion to recipients with any blood type. Therefore, choices A and B are incorrect, and the correct choice is C.

5. Which acronym would BEST describe the procedure for assessing a patient that appears unconscious?

• A. WBC
• B. QRS
• C. XYZ
• D. ABC

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'ABC.' The ABC method stands for Airway, Breathing, Circulation. When encountering an unconscious patient, it is crucial to first ensure their Airway is clear by performing the 'head tilt, chin lift' maneuver. Next, assess Breathing by observing for chest rise and fall, listening for breath sounds, and feeling for airflow. Finally, check for Circulation by assessing for a pulse. Choices A, B, and C ('WBC,' 'QRS,' 'XYZ') are incorrect as they do not represent the standard approach to assessing an unconscious patient.

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