Nursing Elites

1. What is the proper personal protective equipment necessary for collecting a sputum specimen?

• A. Gloves and face mask
• B. Level Three Biocontainment uniforms
• C. Eye protection and shoe covers
• D. Splash shield and face mask

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When collecting a sputum specimen, it is crucial to protect against potential airborne droplets that may spread disease. The best personal protective equipment for this task includes gloves and a face mask. Gloves help prevent the spread of contaminants through hand contact, while a face mask protects the respiratory tract from inhaling infectious agents. Choice B, Level Three Biocontainment uniforms, is excessive and unnecessary for routine sputum specimen collection. Choice C, eye protection and shoe covers, does not address the specific risks associated with sputum collection. Choice D, splash shield and face mask, provides additional protection that is not typically required for sputum specimen collection, making it less appropriate than gloves and a face mask.

2. What is an attack using microorganisms such as bacteria or viral agents with the intent to harm others called?

• A. Assimilation
• B. Defense intervention
• C. Bioterrorism
• D. Environmental remediation

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Bioterrorism is the act of using harmful agents like bacteria or viruses with the intention to harm others. In the context of healthcare, nurses may be involved in disaster response if bioterrorism weapons affect the community. Choice A, assimilation, refers to the process of absorbing and integrating information or ideas. Choice B, defense intervention, does not specifically relate to the intentional use of microorganisms to harm others. Choice D, environmental remediation, involves the process of cleaning up pollution or contamination in the environment, which is unrelated to the deliberate use of pathogens for harmful purposes.

3. A new staff nurse completes orientation to the psychiatric unit. This nurse will expect to ask an advanced practice nurse to perform which action for patients?

• A. Perform mental health assessment interviews
• B. Establish therapeutic relationships
• C. Prescribe psychotropic medications
• D. Individualize nursing care plans

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Prescriptive privileges are granted to Master's-prepared nurse practitioners who have taken special courses on prescribing medications. The nurse prepared at the basic level performs mental health assessments, establishes relationships, and provides individualized care planning. In this scenario, the new staff nurse would ask the advanced practice nurse to prescribe psychotropic medications, as this is within their scope of practice and expertise. Establishing therapeutic relationships, performing mental health assessments, and individualizing care plans are typically responsibilities of staff nurses at the basic level, not advanced practice nurses.

4. The nurse is examining a 2-year-old child and asks, "May I listen to your heart now?"? Which critique of the nurse's technique is most accurate?

• A. Asking questions may enhance the child's autonomy.
• B. Asking the child for permission helps develop a sense of trust.
• C. This question is an inappropriate statement because children at this age like to have choices.
• D. Children at this age like to say, "No."? The examiner should not offer a choice when no choice is available.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Children at the age of 2 often like to assert their independence by saying "No."? In situations where there is actually no choice available, offering a false choice can lead to a lack of trust. It is important not to offer a choice when there isn't one, as doing so may undermine trust. While asking for permission can enhance autonomy and trust, offering a limited option like, "Shall I listen to your heart next or your tummy?"? may be a better approach. Therefore, the correct critique of the nurse's technique in this scenario is that children at this age tend to say "No,"? so the examiner should avoid offering a choice when there isn't a real alternative.

5. A client is diagnosed with ariboflavinosis. Which of the following foods should the nurse serve this client?

• A. Citrus fruits
• B. Milk
• C. Fish
• D. Potatoes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Ariboflavinosis is a vitamin B-2 deficiency. Symptoms may include cracks around the mouth, inflammation of the tongue, or light sensitivity. Foods rich in vitamin B-2, like milk, liver, green vegetables, or whole grains, are recommended. Citrus fruits (choice A) are good sources of vitamin C, not B-2. Fish (choice C) is a source of protein and omega-3 fatty acids but not a significant source of vitamin B-2. Potatoes (choice D) are a source of carbohydrates but do not provide high levels of vitamin B-2.

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