Nursing Elites

1. The healthcare professional is preparing to use a stethoscope for auscultation. Which statement is true regarding the diaphragm of the stethoscope?

• A. Used to listen for high-pitched sounds
• B. Used to listen for low-pitched sounds
• C. Should be firmly held against the person's skin to block out low-pitched sounds
• D. Should be lightly held against the person's skin to listen for extra heart sounds and murmurs

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The diaphragm of the stethoscope is designed for listening to high-pitched sounds like breath, bowel, and normal heart sounds. It should be firmly held against the person's skin to ensure optimal sound transmission, leaving a ring after use. On the other hand, the bell of the stethoscope is ideal for detecting soft, low-pitched sounds such as extra heart sounds or murmurs. Therefore, the diaphragm is not used to block out low-pitched sounds but rather to enhance the detection of high-frequency sounds.

2. What does the medical term 'diaphoresis' mean?

• A. Profuse vomiting
• B. Profuse sweating
• C. Gasping for air
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Profuse sweating. Diaphoresis is a medical term that refers to excessive sweating. It is commonly seen in emergency situations such as heart attacks or diabetic episodes. Choice A, 'Profuse vomiting,' is incorrect as diaphoresis is not related to vomiting. Choice C, 'Gasping for air,' is also incorrect as it refers to difficulty breathing, not sweating. Choice D, 'None of the above,' is incorrect as diaphoresis specifically relates to sweating.

3. Who is the center of care?

• A. The doctor
• B. The administrator
• C. The patient
• D. The nurse

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The PATIENT is the center of care and the core of the healthcare team. The PATIENT holds the utmost importance within the healthcare setting. Healthcare professionals collaborate as a team to effectively address the needs of the patient. The primary focus should always be on the patient, who plays a crucial role in decision-making. While other healthcare team members, such as doctors, nurses, and administrators, play vital roles, the patient remains the central figure. The patient has the fundamental right to receive quality care from all members of the healthcare team.

4. What should the nurse anticipate or expect of an American Indian woman seeking help to regulate her diabetes?

• A. Will comply with the treatment prescribed.
• B. Has given up her belief in naturalistic causes of disease.
• C. May also be seeking the assistance of a shaman or medicine man.
• D. Will need extra help in dealing with her illness and may be experiencing a crisis of faith.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When caring for an American Indian patient seeking help for diabetes, the nurse should anticipate that the patient may also seek the assistance of a shaman or medicine man in addition to biomedical treatment. This cultural practice is common among American Indians who believe in holistic healing involving body, mind, and spirit. It is important for the nurse to acknowledge and respect these cultural beliefs and practices. Choice A is incorrect because patients from different cultures may not always comply with prescribed treatments due to various factors, including cultural beliefs. Choice B is incorrect as patients seeking traditional healing methods do not necessarily give up their beliefs in naturalistic causes of disease; instead, they often complement biomedical care. Choice D is incorrect as assuming the patient is experiencing a crisis of faith is not appropriate; it is more about respecting and understanding the patient's cultural background and beliefs.

5. A woman who has lived in the United States for a year after moving from Europe has learned to speak English and is almost finished with her college studies. She now dresses like her peers and says that her family in Europe would hardly recognize her. This situation illustrates which concept?

• A. Integration
• B. Assimilation
• C. Biculturalism
• D. Heritage consistency

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Assimilation is a unidirectional, linear process moving from unacculturated to acculturated, in which a person develops a new cultural identity and becomes like members of the dominant culture. In this scenario, the woman has adapted to the new culture by learning the language, dressing like her peers, and expressing that her family in Europe would hardly recognize her. This aligns with the process of assimilation. Integration and biculturalism, on the other hand, involve bidirectional and bidimensional processes that induce reciprocal change in both cultures while maintaining aspects of the original culture in one's ethnic identity. Since there is no indication in the question that the woman has retained aspects of her original culture, integration and biculturalism are not the correct concepts. Heritage consistency refers to the degree to which one retains their original or traditional culture, which is not addressed in the scenario provided.

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