patients have a right to

NCLEX-RN

NCLEX RN Exam Prep

1. Patients have a right to ______________.

A. only enough information so they can comply with care
B. ALL of their health-related information
C. small amounts of information so they do not get nervous
D. moderate amounts of information unless they are old

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Patients have a legal right to access all of their health-related information. This includes details about their health condition, treatment options, test results, and any other relevant data. Providing patients with all their health-related information empowers them to make informed decisions about their care, promotes transparency in the healthcare process, and respects their autonomy. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they restrict the information patients should receive based on assumptions or limitations, which goes against the principle of patient autonomy and their right to access their complete health-related information.

2. When caring for a single client during one shift, it is appropriate for the nurse to reuse only which of the following personal protective equipment?

A. Goggles
B. Gown
C. Surgical mask
D. Clean gloves

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Goggles may be reused unless they are overly contaminated by material that has splashed in the nurse's face and cannot be effectively rinsed off. Gowns are at high risk for contamination and should be used only once and then discarded or washed. Surgical masks and gloves should never be washed or reused. Goggles provide eye protection from splashes and should be cleaned and disinfected after each use to ensure proper protection.

3. A patient is having difficulty understanding how to properly run her glucose meter. Which of the following teaching methods would best help the patient understand how to use her instrument correctly?

A. Give the patient an instruction booklet and encourage her to call the office if she has questions.
B. Tell the patient to ask a healthcare provider to demonstrate how to use the instrument.
C. Have the patient watch a video demonstrating the use of the instrument.
D. Demonstrate the proper use of the instrument and then have the patient perform the process while still in the office.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: By using a demonstration and performance method of patient education, the patient is offered a chance to perform a task and have learning assessed while still in the office. This ensures that any questions that the patient has can be answered immediately, and any performance issues observed by the medical assistant can also be corrected promptly. Choice A is not as effective as providing a demonstration in person, as it may not address the patient's specific learning needs or allow for immediate feedback. Choice B suggests asking a healthcare provider to demonstrate, which is similar to the correct answer but may not always be readily available in the office. Choice C, watching a video, lacks the interactive component and immediate feedback that a live demonstration provides, making it less effective in this scenario.

4. Which practice will help reduce the risk of a needlestick injury?

A. Expose the end of the needle only when ready to enter the room for the procedure
B. Never recap a needle after use
C. Keep a sharps container nearby where it can be easily accessed
D. Exchange needles from a central area rather than passing them between workers

Correct answer: C

Rationale: To reduce the risk of a needlestick injury, it is essential to keep a sharps container nearby where it can be easily accessed. This practice ensures quick and safe disposal of needles after use, minimizing the chances of accidental needlesticks. Recapping needles should be avoided as it increases the risk of injuries. Passing needles between workers should also be avoided to prevent accidental needle pricks during handovers. Therefore, the best practice to prevent needlestick injuries is to maintain a sharps container nearby for safe and immediate disposal of needles.

5. While auscultating heart sounds, the nurse hears a murmur. Which of these instruments would be used to assess this murmur?

A. Electrocardiogram
B. Bell of the stethoscope
C. Diaphragm of the stethoscope
D. Palpation with the nurse's palm of the hand

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct instrument to assess a murmur while auscultating heart sounds is the bell of the stethoscope. An electrocardiogram is used to measure the heart's electrical activity, not to assess murmurs. Palpation with the nurse's palm of the hand is a method to assess pulses or textures, not heart murmurs. The diaphragm of the stethoscope is typically used for high-pitched sounds like breath, bowel, and normal heart sounds, whereas the bell is more suitable for soft, low-pitched sounds such as murmurs or extra heart sounds.