a nurse is assisting a client with range of motion exercises she moves his leg in a pattern of circumduction which movement is this nurse performing a nurse is assisting a client with range of motion exercises she moves his leg in a pattern of circumduction which movement is this nurse performing
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1. A client is undergoing range of motion exercises, and the nurse moves the leg in a pattern of circumduction. Which movement is the nurse performing?

Correct answer: Moving the leg in a circle

Rationale: Circumduction involves moving a limb in a circular pattern. In this scenario, the nurse is performing circumduction by moving the leg in a circular motion, engaging the muscles of the gluteus maximus and gluteus medius. Choice A, 'Bending the leg at the knee,' is incorrect as it describes flexion and extension movements. Choice B, 'Turning the foot inward and outward,' refers to inversion and eversion movements of the foot, not circumduction. Choice D, 'Moving the leg forward and up,' describes flexion and abduction movements, not circumduction.

2. While eating in the hospital cafeteria, a nurse notices a toddler at a nearby table choking on a piece of food and appearing slightly blue. What is the appropriate initial action to take?

Correct answer: C: Perform 5 abdominal thrusts

Rationale: When a toddler is choking on a piece of food and appears blue, it indicates airway obstruction. The appropriate initial action should be to perform 5 abdominal thrusts. This technique can help dislodge the obstructing object and clear the airway. Initiating mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is not recommended as the first step in a choking emergency, especially in children. Giving water may not be effective and can worsen the situation by causing further blockage. Calling the emergency response team should be considered if the abdominal thrusts are unsuccessful in clearing the airway.

3. Which of the following conditions most commonly causes acute glomerulonephritis?

Correct answer: Prior infection with group A Streptococcus within the past 10-14 days.

Rationale: Acute glomerulonephritis is most commonly caused by the immune response to a prior upper respiratory infection with group A Streptococcus. Glomerular inflammation occurs about 10-14 days after the infection, resulting in scant, dark urine and retention of body fluid. Periorbital edema and hypertension are common signs at diagnosis.

4. The nurse is assessing the vital signs of a 20-year-old marathon runner and documents the following vital signs: temperature—36°C; pulse—48 beats per minute; respirations—14 breaths per minute; blood pressure—104/68 mm Hg. Which statement is true concerning these results?

Correct answer: These are normal vital signs for a healthy, athletic adult.

Rationale: The correct answer is, 'These are normal vital signs for a healthy, athletic adult.' A pulse rate of 48 beats per minute is considered bradycardia in adults, but it is not a concern in well-trained athletes like marathon runners. Bradycardia is a normal physiological response to aerobic conditioning. Tachycardia, on the other hand, is defined as a pulse rate above 100 beats per minute, which is not the case here. The low pulse rate in this scenario is a reflection of the athlete's cardiovascular fitness. Therefore, there is no need to notify the physician or schedule a follow-up visit based on these findings.

5. Which serum laboratory value should the nurse monitor carefully for a client who has a nasogastric (NG) tube to suction for the past week?

Correct answer: Sodium

Rationale: The nurse should monitor the client's serum sodium levels carefully when they have been on nasogastric (NG) tube suction for an extended period. Prolonged NG suctioning can lead to fluid loss and subsequent hyponatremia. Monitoring sodium levels is crucial to prevent complications. White blood cell count (Option A), albumin (Option B), and calcium (Option C) are not typically affected by prolonged NG suctioning. Therefore, these values are not the priority for monitoring in this situation.

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