NCLEX NCLEX-RN
NCLEX RN Actual Exam Test Bank
1. What are Korotkoff sounds?
- A. Sounds noted during diastole.
- B. The result of the vibration of blood against artery walls while blood pressure readings are being taken.
- C. Sounds only noted by skilled cardiologists.
- D. Distinct sounds which are classified into 6 phases.
Correct answer: The result of the vibration of blood against artery walls while blood pressure readings are being taken.
Rationale: Korotkoff sounds are the sounds that occur when blood flows in an artery that has been temporarily compressed during a blood pressure measurement. These sounds result from the vibration of blood against the artery walls as the pressure cuff is released. There are five distinct phases of Korotkoff sounds, which healthcare providers are trained to identify during blood pressure assessment. The correct answer, choice B, accurately describes the nature of Korotkoff sounds and how they are generated. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because Korotkoff sounds are not specific to diastole, not limited to skilled cardiologists, and categorized into five phases, not six.
2. Which of these statements best describes the characteristics of an effective reward feedback system?
- A. Specific feedback is given as close to the event as possible
- B. Staff is given feedback in equal amounts over time
- C. Positive statements precede negative statements
- D. Performance goals should be higher than what is attainable
Correct answer: Specific feedback is given as close to the event as possible
Rationale: The correct answer is that specific feedback should be given as close to the event as possible in an effective reward feedback system. This is important because feedback is most useful when provided immediately. Giving feedback promptly reinforces positive behavior and helps in modifying problem behaviors. Providing feedback close to the event helps in ensuring that standards are clearly understood and can be met. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because staff should not be given feedback in equal amounts over time, positive statements do not necessarily have to precede negative statements, and setting performance goals higher than what is attainable can lead to demotivation and decreased performance.
3. Who is legally able to make decisions for the patient or resident during a patient care conference when the patient is not mentally able to make decisions on their own?
- A. The patient or their healthcare proxy
- B. Only the patient
- C. Only the healthcare proxy
- D. The doctor
Correct answer: Only the healthcare proxy
Rationale: When a patient is unable to make decisions due to mental incapacity, the healthcare proxy, designated by the patient in advance, has the legal authority to make decisions on the patient's behalf. In this situation, the patient lacks the capacity to make decisions independently. The healthcare proxy's role is to represent the patient's wishes and best interests. The doctor's role in a patient care conference is to provide medical expertise, offer recommendations, and assist in the decision-making process, but the final decision-making authority lies with the healthcare proxy, not the doctor.
4. Which of the following signs is NOT indicative of increased intracranial pressure?
- A. Decreased level of consciousness
- B. Projectile vomiting
- C. Sluggish pupil dilation
- D. Increased heart rate
Correct answer: D: Increased heart rate
Rationale: Increased intracranial pressure can lead to serious complications if not promptly addressed. Common signs of increased intracranial pressure include decreased level of consciousness, sluggish pupil dilation, abnormal respirations, and projectile vomiting. However, an increased heart rate is not a typical sign associated with increased intracranial pressure. It is important for healthcare providers to recognize these signs early to prevent severe consequences such as brain herniation.
5. A nursing student caring for a 6-month-old infant is asked to collect a sample for urinalysis from the infant. How should the student collect the specimen?
- A. Catheterizing the infant using the smallest available Foley catheter
- B. Attaching a urinary collection device to the infant's perineum for collection
- C. Obtaining the specimen from the diaper by squeezing the diaper after the infant voids
- D. Noting the time of the next expected voiding and then preparing a specimen cup for the urine
Correct answer: Attaching a urinary collection device to the infant's perineum for collection
Rationale: The correct method for collecting a urine sample from an infant for urinalysis is by attaching a urinary collection device to the infant's perineum. This device is a plastic bag with an adhesive opening that allows it to be secured to the perineum to collect urine. Catheterizing the infant with a Foley catheter should not be done unless specifically prescribed due to the risk of infection. Obtaining the specimen from the diaper by squeezing it after the infant voids may not provide an accurate sample for urinalysis. Trying to predict the time of the next voiding to prepare a specimen cup is not practical or reliable in ensuring an appropriate sample for urinalysis.
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