Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is a disadvantage of using a dry heat application?

• A. Dry heat is more likely to cause burns than moist heat
• B. Dry heat does not penetrate deeply into the tissues
• C. Dry heat causes the skin to dry out more quickly
• D. Dry heat can quickly cause skin breakdown

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is that dry heat causes the skin to dry out more quickly. When comparing dry and moist heat applications, dry heat is less likely to cause burns and skin breakdown. However, one of the disadvantages of dry heat is that it does not penetrate deeply into the tissues and may lead to faster drying out of the skin. This can have negative effects on skin integrity and overall comfort during therapy. Choice A is incorrect because dry heat is less likely to cause burns than moist heat. Choice B is incorrect as dry heat may not penetrate deeply into tissues. Choice D is incorrect as dry heat is less likely to cause skin breakdown compared to moist heat.

2. Which of the following is an example of physical abuse?

• A. A slap to the person's hand
• B. Threatening the person
• C. Ignoring and isolating a person
• D. Leaving a patient soiled for hours

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'A slap to the person's hand.' Slapping, hitting, and punching are clear examples of physical abuse. Physical abuse involves actions that can cause physical harm or injury to a person. Choice B, 'Threatening the person,' falls under the category of emotional or psychological abuse, where threats can cause fear and emotional distress but do not involve physical harm. Choice C, 'Ignoring and isolating a person,' is a form of neglect or emotional abuse, not physical abuse. Choice D, 'Leaving a patient soiled for hours,' is an example of neglect or lack of proper care, which is also not classified as physical abuse.

3. A client is preparing to irrigate a colostomy. Which of the following situations is a contraindication for this type of irrigation?

• A. The client has an incontinent ostomy
• B. The client has an irregular bowel routine
• C. The client has diverticulitis
• D. The colostomy bag contains fecal material

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When a client with a colostomy is preparing for irrigation, it is essential to consider contraindications that could pose risks or worsen the client's condition. Diverticulitis is a contraindication for colostomy irrigation because the inflamed diverticula could be further irritated by the flushing action during irrigation, potentially leading to complications. An incontinent ostomy, irregular bowel routine, or presence of fecal material in the colostomy bag are not specific contraindications for irrigation and can be managed through appropriate techniques and interventions.

4. The nurse is preparing to examine a 4-year-old child. Which action by the nurse is appropriate for this age group?

• A. Explain the procedures briefly to alleviate the child's anxiety.
• B. Give the child feedback and reassurance during the examination.
• C. Ask the child to undress as needed for the examination.
• D. Perform an examination of the head last.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: For a 4-year-old child, short and simple explanations should be provided to avoid overwhelming the child. It is important to give feedback and reassurance during the examination to create a comforting environment for the child. Asking the child to undress as needed is appropriate for a thorough examination, as children at this age are usually willing to do so. Performing an examination of the head last allows the child to become more comfortable during the assessment. Therefore, the most appropriate action for a 4-year-old child is to provide feedback and reassurance during the examination, ensuring a positive experience for the child.

5. Who is legally able to make decisions for the patient or resident during a patient care conference when the patient is not mentally able to make decisions on their own?

• A. The patient or their healthcare proxy
• B. Only the patient
• C. Only the healthcare proxy
• D. The doctor

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When a patient is unable to make decisions due to mental incapacity, the healthcare proxy, designated by the patient in advance, has the legal authority to make decisions on the patient's behalf. In this situation, the patient lacks the capacity to make decisions independently. The healthcare proxy's role is to represent the patient's wishes and best interests. The doctor's role in a patient care conference is to provide medical expertise, offer recommendations, and assist in the decision-making process, but the final decision-making authority lies with the healthcare proxy, not the doctor.

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