Nursing Elites

1. During a discussion about glaucoma at the community center, which comment by one of the retirees would the nurse give a supportive comment to reinforce correct information?

• A. ''I usually avoid driving at night since lights sometimes seem to make things blur.''
• B. ''I take half of the usual dose for my sinuses to maintain my blood pressure.''
• C. ''I have to sit at the side of the pool with the grandchildren since I can't swim with this eye problem.''
• D. ''I take extra fiber and drink lots of water to avoid getting constipated.''

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is ''I take extra fiber and drink lots of water to avoid getting constipated.'' In individuals with glaucoma, activities that involve straining, such as constipation, should be avoided as they can increase intraocular pressure. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not align with the management of glaucoma. Driving at night or taking sinus medication are not directly related to glaucoma, and sitting by the pool due to an eye problem does not provide information relevant to managing glaucoma.

2. Which of the following is a nursing intervention for a client who is experiencing an acute panic attack?

• A. Encourage the client to sit down in a quiet environment
• B. Allow the client to direct the situation
• C. Try to focus the client on one aspect of care, such as regulating breathing patterns
• D. Speak in a commanding tone of voice to get the client's attention

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When assisting a client with an acute panic attack, the primary goal is to help reduce their anxiety levels. Encouraging the client to focus on one controllable aspect, like regulating breathing patterns, can aid in calming them down. This intervention helps the client to regain control over their breathing, which can alleviate some of the symptoms associated with panic attacks. Options A and B are incorrect because allowing the client to direct the situation or sit down in a quiet environment may not be beneficial during an acute panic attack. Option D is inappropriate as speaking in a commanding tone can further escalate the client's anxiety rather than helping to calm them down.

3. A client who has been told she needs a hysterectomy for cervical cancer reports being upset about being unable to have a third child. Which action would the nurse take?

• A. Evaluate her willingness to pursue adoption.
• B. Encourage her to focus on her own recovery.
• C. Emphasize that she does have two children already.
• D. Ensure that other treatment options for her are explored.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the nurse should ensure that other treatment options for the client are explored. While a hysterectomy may be necessary for cervical cancer, conservative management options like cervical conization and laser treatment may allow for future pregnancies. It is crucial for the nurse to inform the client of all available treatment choices. Evaluating the client's willingness to pursue adoption is not directly addressing the client's concerns about fertility. Encouraging the client to focus on her own recovery and emphasizing that she already has two children dismiss the client's distress over not being able to have a third child, which is important to acknowledge in a sensitive manner.

4. Which defense mechanism is considered a conscious measure used to cope with anxiety?

• A. Undoing
• B. Projection
• C. Suppression
• D. Intellectualization

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is Suppression. Suppression is a conscious defense mechanism in which an individual intentionally avoids thinking about disturbing problems, wishes, feelings, or experiences. It is a way to cope with anxiety by actively pushing aside unwanted thoughts or emotions. Undoing, on the other hand, is an unconscious defense mechanism where one uses words or behaviors to symbolically make amends for unacceptable thoughts or actions. Projection is also an unconscious defense mechanism involving falsely attributing one's own unacceptable impulses to others. Intellectualization, another unconscious defense mechanism, involves using intellect or thinking to avoid dealing with emotionally charged feelings.

5. A client injured in a motor vehicle accident was brought to the emergency department and taken immediately for a scan. The client's family arrives and asks about the client's condition. Which response would the nurse provide?

• A. Please do not worry; everything will be all right.
• B. I am sorry; I do not have any information about the client.
• C. You will have to wait for the primary health care provider.
• D. Please wait; I will update you as soon as I have any information.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In this situation, the most appropriate response for the nurse to provide to the client's family is to assure them that they will be updated as soon as there is relevant information available. This response not only acknowledges the family's concern but also demonstrates the nurse's commitment to keeping them informed. Option A, providing false reassurances, is not advisable as it may impact the family's ability to cope with potential bad news. Option B, stating that the nurse has no information, is not helpful and can cause distress. Option C, directing the family to the primary health care provider, is not ideal as the nurse should strive to communicate directly with the family to establish trust and provide support.

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