Nursing Elites

1. Who is the center of care?

• A. The doctor
• B. The administrator
• C. The patient
• D. The nurse

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The PATIENT is the center of care and the core of the healthcare team. The PATIENT holds the utmost importance within the healthcare setting. Healthcare professionals collaborate as a team to effectively address the needs of the patient. The primary focus should always be on the patient, who plays a crucial role in decision-making. While other healthcare team members, such as doctors, nurses, and administrators, play vital roles, the patient remains the central figure. The patient has the fundamental right to receive quality care from all members of the healthcare team.

2. When assessing a pulse, what should be noted?

• A. Rate
• B. Rate and quality
• C. Rate, quality, and fullness
• D. Rate, quality, fullness, and regularity

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When assessing a pulse, it is important to note the rate (number of beats per minute), quality (regular or irregular), and fullness (thread and weak or full and bounding). These aspects provide crucial information about the patient's cardiovascular status. Regularity, as mentioned in option D, is not typically assessed during a pulse check and is not necessary for routine pulse assessment. Choice A is too limited as it overlooks important aspects beyond just the rate. Choice B improves by adding quality but still lacks the fullness aspect. Choice C is the most comprehensive and accurate as it includes all three essential aspects for a thorough pulse assessment.

3. A 75-year-old man with a history of hypertension was recently changed to a new antihypertensive drug. He reports feeling dizzy at times. How would the nurse evaluate his blood pressure?

• A. Blood pressure and pulse should be recorded in the supine, sitting, and standing positions.
• B. The patient should be directed to walk around the room and his blood pressure assessed after this activity.
• C. Blood pressure and pulse are assessed at the beginning and at the end of the examination.
• D. Blood pressure is taken on the right arm and then 5 minutes later on the left arm.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Orthostatic vital signs should be taken when the person is hypertensive or is taking antihypertensive medications, when the person reports fainting or syncope, or when volume depletion is suspected. The blood pressure and pulse readings are recorded in the supine, sitting, and standing positions.

4. What is the first aid for frostbite?

• A. Running cold water over the affected area. Warm or hot water will shock the area and cause more tissue damage.
• B. Run warm water over the area to rapidly rewarm the affected area.
• C. Run hot water over the area to warm the area as quickly as possible.
• D. Cover the area with a blanket, using a heating pad if the blanket isn't warm enough.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: First aid for frostbite involves running cold water over the affected area. It is important to avoid warm or hot water as it can shock the area and cause further tissue damage. Warm water should not be used to rapidly rewarm the affected area. Similarly, hot water should also be avoided as it can warm the area too quickly and potentially cause harm. Covering the area with a blanket and using a heating pad may not be effective and can even lead to more damage. Seeking medical assistance is crucial if the tissue appears necrotic to prevent further complications.

5. The most accurate reading for a temperature is done:

• A. Orally
• B. Aurally through a clean canal
• C. Rectally
• D. Axially

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Aural readings are done through the ear canal. The tympanic membrane shares a blood supply with the hypothalamus, the brain area that regulates body temperature. Taking the temperature aurally through a clean canal ensures an accurate reading. Choice A (Orally) is not the most accurate method for temperature measurement as it can be affected by external factors like drinking hot or cold liquids. Choice C (Rectally) is invasive and less practical for routine temperature monitoring. Choice D (Axially) is not a standard method for temperature measurement and may not provide accurate results.

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