1. Which vitamin is known to play a vital role in immune function?

A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin E

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin D. Vitamin D is known to play a vital role in immune function as it helps regulate the immune system's response to infections and reduces inflammation. It is involved in the production of antimicrobial peptides that help fight off pathogens. Vitamin A is important for vision and skin health, Vitamin B12 is essential for red blood cell formation and neurological function, and Vitamin E is an antioxidant that protects cells from damage. However, Vitamin D specifically stands out for its crucial role in supporting the immune system, making it the correct answer in this context.

2. What can be inferred about the data collected by smart cities?

A. It is easily accessible and transparent to the public.
B. It is solely used for optimizing infrastructure and services.
C. It may raise privacy concerns for individual citizens.
D. It is always accurate and free from technical errors.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The passage specifically mentions concerns about data privacy, implying potential issues for individuals.

3. A lampshade consists of a cylindrical base (diameter 20cm, height 10cm) and a hemispherical top (same diameter as the base). What is its total surface area?

A. 785 sq cm
B. 1130 sq cm
C. 1570 sq cm
D. 2055 sq cm

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Calculate the surface area of the cylinder (base + lateral surface) and the hemisphere (half of a sphere's surface area). Add both areas to find the total surface area.

4. What happens to the internal energy of a system when it performs work on its surroundings?

A. It increases.
B. It decreases.
C. It remains the same.
D. Information insufficient

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When a system performs work on its surroundings, it loses internal energy in accordance with the first law of thermodynamics.

5. A nurse administers 150mg of medication every 4 hours. How many milligrams will the patient receive in 24 hours?

A. 300mg
B. 600mg
C. 750mg
D. 900mg

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: - The patient receives 150mg of medication every 4 hours. - To calculate how many milligrams the patient will receive in 24 hours, we need to determine how many times the medication is administered in 24 hours. - Since the medication is administered every 4 hours, there are 24 hours in a day, so the medication will be administered 24 / 4 = 6 times in 24 hours. - Therefore, the total amount of medication the patient will receive in 24 hours is 150mg x 6 = 900mg.

6. Acne vulgaris, commonly known as acne, is primarily caused by

A. Dry skin (Dry skin can worsen acne but isn't the primary cause)
B. Clogged pores and excess oil production
C. Bacterial infection alone (Bacteria play a role but not the sole cause)
D. Vitamin deficiency

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Clogged pores and excess oil production.' Acne vulgaris, or acne, is primarily caused by a combination of factors including excess sebum (oil) production by the skin's sebaceous glands and the accumulation of dead skin cells, leading to clogged pores. This environment provides a breeding ground for acne-causing bacteria, contributing to inflammation and the formation of pimples. While factors like dry skin, bacterial infections, and even vitamin deficiencies can exacerbate acne, they are not the primary cause. Thus, B is the most accurate option for the primary cause of acne.