Nursing Elites

1. The term "goiter" refers to a condition characterized by:

• A. Overproduction of cortisol from the adrenal glands
• B. Excessive growth of the thyroid gland
• C. Underproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH)
• D. Deficiency of growth hormone from the pituitary gland

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The term 'goiter' specifically refers to the abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland. This can be due to various reasons such as iodine deficiency, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, or Graves' disease. Options A, C, and D are incorrect as they describe conditions related to other glands and hormones in the endocrine system. It is important to differentiate between different endocrine disorders to accurately diagnose and treat patients. Therefore, the correct answer is B, as a goiter is characterized by the excessive growth of the thyroid gland.

2. What is the main argument presented in favor of UBI?

• A. It would boost the economy by increasing consumer spending and stimulating businesses.
• B. It would guarantee financial stability and improve mental health for all citizens.
• C. It would address ethical concerns about income inequality and promote social justice.
• D. It would decrease crime rates and improve public safety by reducing poverty and desperation.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The passage emphasizes UBI's potential to alleviate poverty and reduce inequality, aligning with C.

3. Which term describes the point where parallel rays of light converge or appear to diverge from after passing through a lens or reflecting off a mirror?

• A. Aperture
• B. Focal length
• C. Refractive index
• D. Lens thickness

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The focal length is the term that describes the point where parallel rays of light converge or appear to diverge from after passing through a lens or reflecting off a mirror. It is a crucial parameter in optics and is used to determine the magnification and image formation in optical systems. The other options (A) Aperture, (C) Refractive index, and (D) Lens thickness are not directly related to the point where parallel rays converge or diverge.

4. What type of reaction is represented by the following equation: Fe2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) -> 2Fe (s) + 3H2O (g)

• A. Combustion
• B. Decomposition
• C. Single displacement
• D. Redox reaction

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The given equation involves a transfer of electrons from iron oxide (Fe2O3) to hydrogen gas (H2), resulting in the formation of iron (Fe) and water (H2O). This transfer of electrons indicates a redox reaction, where oxidation and reduction occur simultaneously. In this case, iron is reduced from a higher oxidation state in Fe2O3 to a lower oxidation state in Fe, while hydrogen is oxidized from its elemental state in H2 to form water. Therefore, the correct answer is D: Redox reaction.

5. Define the term "momentum" in physics.

• A. Force exerted on an object
• B. Speed of an object in motion
• C. Mass in motion
• D. Distance traveled per unit time

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Momentum is the product of an object's mass and velocity, describing its motion and resistance to changes in motion.

6. How does an increase in mass affect the force required to produce the same acceleration on an object?

• A. Increases force required
• B. Decreases force required
• C. Has no effect on force required
• D. Causes unpredictable changes in force required

Correct answer: a

Rationale: With an increase in mass, more force is needed to produce the same acceleration due to inertia.

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