Nursing Elites

1. In the sentence "The house was dilapidated," what effect does the word "dilapidated" have on the reader's understanding?

• A. Creates a sense of mystery.
• B. Emphasizes the large size of the house.
• C. Suggests the house is in poor condition.
• D. Implies the house is haunted.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The word "dilapidated" specifically describes the house's deteriorating state.

2. The process of a liquid changing into a gas is called:

• A. Evaporation
• B. Boiling
• C. Condensation
• D. Sublimation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Evaporation occurs at any temperature, while boiling only occurs at the boiling point of the liquid.

3. Hair follicles are openings in the skin that house

• A. Blood vessels (Blood vessels are not housed in hair follicles)
• B. Nerve endings (Nerve endings are present but not housed within)
• C. Hair shafts and hair roots
• D. Sebaceous glands (These glands are often attached to hair follicles)

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Hair follicles are structures in the skin that house both the hair shaft and the hair root. The hair shaft is the visible part of the hair that extends from the skin's surface, while the hair root is the part embedded within the hair follicle and extends into the deeper layers of the skin. The sebaceous glands, which produce sebum (an oily substance), are typically attached to hair follicles and help lubricate and protect the hair and skin. Blood vessels and nerve endings are present in the skin but are not housed within the hair follicles themselves. Therefore, the correct answer is C, as hair follicles contain both the hair shaft and hair root.

4. What is the tough, fibrous tissue that connects bones at joints called?

• A. Cartilage
• B. Ligaments
• C. Tendons
• D. Fascia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ligaments. Ligaments are the tough, fibrous tissue that connects bones at joints. They provide stability and support to the joints, preventing excessive movement that could result in injury. Cartilage is a smooth, rubbery tissue that covers the ends of bones and cushions joints. Tendons are fibrous cords that attach muscles to bones, allowing for movement. Fascia is a connective tissue that surrounds muscles, groups of muscles, blood vessels, and nerves, providing support and protection. Therefore, in this case, the term that specifically refers to the tissue connecting bones at joints is ligaments.

5. Which of the following is an example of a polymer?

• A. Methane
• B. Ethanol
• C. Polyethylene
• D. Acetic acid

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Polyethylene is a polymer, consisting of a large number of repeating ethylene units. The other choices represent small organic compounds.

6. Which of the following terms refers to a muscle that lengthens while another muscle contracts to produce movement?

• A. Synergist
• B. Agonist
• C. Antagonist
• D. Flexor

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Antagonist. In muscle physiology, an antagonist refers to a muscle that lengthens while another muscle contracts to produce movement. This relationship allows for smooth and coordinated movement by controlling the action of the agonist muscle. For example, when you bend your arm, the biceps muscle (agonist) contracts to flex the arm while the triceps muscle (antagonist) lengthens to allow for this movement. Synergists assist the agonist muscle in performing a movement, while flexors are a type of muscle that decreases the angle between bones at a joint. Therefore, the antagonist best fits the description of a muscle that lengthens while another muscle contracts.

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