Nursing Elites

1. What is the term for the process of breaking a large molecule into smaller fragments by applying heat?

• A. Polymerization
• B. Hydrogenation
• C. Isomerization
• D. Pyrolysis

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Pyrolysis is the process of breaking down large molecules into smaller fragments by applying heat. The other choices involve different chemical processes.

2. Discern the INCORRECT function of the liver.

• A. Bile production, aiding digestion.
• B. Blood protein synthesis, such as albumin.
• C. Glucose storage for energy regulation.
• D. Filtration of waste products from the blood.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: A) Correct - The liver produces bile, which aids in the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine. B) Correct - The liver is responsible for synthesizing blood proteins, including albumin, which helps maintain osmotic pressure in the blood. C) Correct - The liver stores glucose in the form of glycogen and helps regulate blood sugar levels by releasing glucose when needed. D) Incorrect - The liver does not filter waste products from the blood. Instead, the kidneys are responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and excreting them in the form of urine.

3. Which of the following is the main organ responsible for regulating sleep?

• A. Thalamus
• B. Hypothalamus
• C. Pituitary gland
• D. Pineal gland

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: The hypothalamus is the main organ responsible for regulating sleep. It plays a crucial role in controlling the body's circadian rhythm, which is the internal clock that regulates the sleep-wake cycle. The hypothalamus receives input from the eyes about light and darkness, which helps in determining when it is time to sleep or wake up. It also regulates the production of melatonin by the pineal gland, which is a hormone that helps control sleep patterns. While the thalamus is involved in relaying sensory information to the brain, the pituitary gland is responsible for producing and releasing hormones, and the pineal gland produces melatonin under the control of the hypothalamus.

4. What is the purpose of the periosteum, the tough outer layer of bone?

• A. Produces red blood cells
• B. Provides protection and nourishment to bone
• C. Forms the joint surface
• D. Stores minerals

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Provides protection and nourishment to bone.' The periosteum is a tough outer layer of bone that serves multiple functions. It provides protection by acting as a barrier against infections and injuries. Additionally, the periosteum contains blood vessels that supply nutrients to the bone cells, aiding in bone growth, repair, and maintenance. While red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow, not in the periosteum, the periosteum's primary role is to support the overall health and integrity of the bone structure.

5. What is the name for the hard, protective protein that makes up hair and nails?

• A. Collagen
• B. Keratin
• C. Elastin
• D. Fibrin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Keratin. Keratin is the name for the hard, protective protein that makes up hair and nails. Collagen is a structural protein found in connective tissues, while elastin is a protein that allows tissues in the body to resume their shape after stretching. Fibrin is a protein involved in blood clotting. Understanding the different roles of these proteins can help in identifying the correct answer as keratin specifically pertains to hair and nails.

6. Which state of matter has particles that are highly organized in a fixed pattern and vibrate in place?

• A. Solid
• B. Liquid
• C. Gas
• D. Plasma

Correct answer: a

Rationale: In solids, particles are tightly packed in an ordered arrangement and vibrate around fixed positions, giving solids a definite shape and volume.

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