Nursing Elites

1. What is the term for the process of breaking a large molecule into smaller fragments by applying heat?

• A. Polymerization
• B. Hydrogenation
• C. Isomerization
• D. Pyrolysis

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Pyrolysis is the process of breaking down large molecules into smaller fragments by applying heat. The other choices involve different chemical processes.

2. She reads about Path Goal theory. Which of the following behaviors is manifested by the

• A. Recognizes staff for going beyond expectations by giving them citations
• B. Challenges the staff to take individual accountability for their own practice
• C. Admonishes staff for being laggards.
• D. Reminds staff about the sanctions for non performance.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Challenges the staff to take individual accountability for their own practice.' Path-Goal theory emphasizes the leader's role in motivating and guiding their team to achieve goals. This behavior aligns with the theory as it focuses on empowering employees to take ownership of their actions and responsibilities. By challenging staff to be individually accountable, the leader is providing clear direction and support, which can enhance motivation and performance within the team. Recognizing and rewarding staff for going beyond expectations (option A) would be more aligned with a transformational leadership style. Admonishing staff for being laggards (option C) and reminding staff about sanctions (option D) are not effective leadership behaviors according to the Path-Goal theory, as they do not focus on motivating and supporting employees to reach their goals.

3. Which neurotransmitter is responsible for stimulating muscle contraction?

• A. Dopamine
• B. Acetylcholine
• C. Serotonin
• D. Norepinephrine

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter responsible for stimulating muscle contraction at the neuromuscular junction. When an action potential reaches the end of a motor neuron, acetylcholine is released into the synaptic cleft and binds to receptors on the muscle cell membrane, leading to muscle contraction. Dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine are neurotransmitters that have different functions in the nervous system and are not directly involved in stimulating muscle contraction.

4. In an SN2 reaction, the rate of the reaction is affected by

• A. Only the concentration of the nucleophile
• B. Only the concentration of the electrophile
• C. Neither the concentration of the nucleophile nor the electrophile
• D. Both the concentration of the nucleophile and the electrophile

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In an SN2 reaction, the rate of the reaction is affected by both the concentration of the nucleophile and the electrophile. This is because in an SN2 reaction, the nucleophile directly attacks the electrophilic center, leading to the formation of the product. A higher concentration of nucleophile increases the chances of successful collisions with the electrophile, thereby increasing the reaction rate. Similarly, a higher concentration of the electrophile provides more reaction sites for the nucleophile to attack, also increasing the rate of the reaction. Therefore, both the nucleophile and electrophile concentrations play crucial roles in determining the rate of an SN2 reaction.

5. Which of the following processes breaks down cellular components for recycling or waste removal?

• A. Photosynthesis
• B. Cellular respiration
• C. Cell division
• D. Phagocytosis

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Phagocytosis. Phagocytosis is a process in which cells engulf and digest cellular components, pathogens, or other materials for recycling or waste removal. Photosynthesis (option A) is the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy. Cellular respiration (option B) is the process of converting glucose into ATP for energy production. Cell division (option C) is the process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells. Therefore, phagocytosis is the most relevant process that breaks down cellular components for recycling or waste removal.

6. Which of the following colligative properties refers to the elevation of the boiling point of a solution?

• A. Freezing point depression
• B. Vapor pressure lowering
• C. Osmotic pressure
• D. Boiling point elevation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Freezing point depression. Colligative properties are properties that depend on the number of solute particles in a solution, not the type of solute. Freezing point depression is the phenomenon where the freezing point of a solvent is lowered when a solute is added, while boiling point elevation is the opposite effect where the boiling point of a solution is raised. Therefore, the question specifically asked for the colligative property that refers to the elevation of the boiling point, making "Freezing point depression" the correct answer.

Similar Questions