1. There are times when Katherine evaluates her staff as she makes her daily rounds. Which of

A. The staff member is observed in natural setting.
B. Incidental confrontation and collaboration is allowed.
C. The evaluation is focused on objective data systematically.
D. The evaluation may provide valid information for compilation of a formal report.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'The staff member is observed in a natural setting.' This option is the most appropriate because it aligns with the concept of naturalistic observation, where behavior is observed in its natural environment without interference or manipulation. In this scenario, Katherine is observing her staff during her daily rounds without any alterations to their behavior or environment. This allows for a more authentic and unbiased assessment of their performance. Options B, C, and D are not as relevant to the concept of naturalistic observation and do not accurately describe the situation presented in the question.

2. The constituents of an atomic nucleus consist of:

A. Electrons and protons only
B. Protons and neutrons only
C. Electrons, protons, and neutrons
D. None of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Protons and neutrons only." This is because the atomic nucleus is composed of protons, which carry a positive charge, and neutrons, which are neutral. Electrons are found outside the nucleus in electron shells. Protons and neutrons are collectively known as nucleons and are responsible for the mass of the atom. Electrons are much lighter and are involved in chemical reactions and bonding. Therefore, the constituents of an atomic nucleus are specifically protons and neutrons, making option B the correct choice.

3. What is the functional group present in ethers?

A. Hydroxyl
B. Carbonyl
C. Ether
D. Amine

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Ethers have the functional group -O-, representing an oxygen atom bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups. The other choices are associated with different functional groups.

4. If you compare a 1 M solution of NaCl to a 1 M solution of glucose (C6H12O6) in water, which solution would have the higher boiling point?

A. The NaCl solution
B. The glucose solution
C. They would have the same boiling point
D. It depends on the temperature

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. When a solute is added to a solvent, it raises the boiling point of the solution due to the phenomenon of boiling point elevation. In this case, NaCl is an ionic compound that dissociates into Na+ and Cl- ions in water, leading to more particles in solution compared to glucose, which remains as individual molecules. Since NaCl forms more particles, it causes a greater boiling point elevation, resulting in the NaCl solution having the higher boiling point. Glucose, being a non-electrolyte, does not dissociate and therefore does not contribute as many particles to the solution as NaCl does. Therefore, the NaCl solution would have the higher boiling point.

5. Which of the following is NOT a route of transmission for a sexually transmitted infection (STI)?

A. Unprotected sexual contact
B. Sharing contaminated needles
C. Deep kissing
D. Mother to child during childbirth

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: A) Unprotected sexual contact is a common route of transmission for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) as many STIs are spread through genital, anal, or oral sex without the use of barrier protection such as condoms. B) Sharing contaminated needles can also transmit STIs such as HIV and hepatitis B and C, especially among individuals who inject drugs. C) Deep kissing, while it can transmit certain infections like herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) or cytomegalovirus (CMV), is not a common route of transmission for most STIs. D) Mother to child transmission during childbirth can occur with certain STIs such as HIV, syphilis, and herpes, where the infection can be passed from the mother to the baby during delivery. Therefore, deep kissing (option C) is the correct answer as it is not a typical route of transmission for most STIs.

6. What is the process of making copies of RNA from DNA called?

A. Replication
B. Transcription
C. Translation
D. DNA repair

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: Transcription is the process of making copies of RNA from DNA. During transcription, the enzyme RNA polymerase binds to a specific region of DNA and synthesizes a complementary RNA strand based on the DNA template. This process is essential for gene expression and protein synthesis in cells. Replication (option A) refers to the process of making copies of DNA, not RNA. Translation (option C) is the process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA, not making copies of RNA from DNA. DNA repair (option D) involves mechanisms that cells use to repair damaged DNA, not the process of making RNA copies from DNA.