1. Kidney stones are formed when:

A. Excess water is not reabsorbed
B. Minerals crystallize in the urine
C. Electrolytes become too concentrated
D. All of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Minerals crystallize in the urine." Kidney stones are formed when minerals in the urine combine and crystallize, forming solid masses. This process can occur due to various factors, such as high levels of calcium, oxalate, or uric acid in the urine. Options A and C are not directly related to the formation of kidney stones. Option D is incorrect because not all the statements are true; only minerals crystallizing in the urine lead to kidney stone formation.

2. Which number is the opposite of -3?

A. -6
B. 3
C. 0
D. 6

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The opposite of a number is the one with the same distance from zero but on the opposite side of the number line. So, the opposite of -3 is 3.

3. The theory of evolution by natural selection suggests that:

A. Organisms evolve towards perfection
B. Traits are acquired through use and disuse
C. Individuals with favorable traits survive and reproduce more
D. All of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: A) Organisms evolve towards perfection - This statement is incorrect. Evolution by natural selection does not suggest that organisms evolve towards perfection. Instead, it emphasizes the adaptation of organisms to their environment over time. B) Traits are acquired through use and disuse - This statement reflects Lamarck's theory of evolution, not Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. Lamarck proposed that organisms could acquire traits during their lifetime and pass them on to their offspring, which has been largely discredited. C) Individuals with favorable traits survive and reproduce more - This statement accurately reflects the central concept of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. Individuals with traits that are advantageous in their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on those traits to future generations. D) All of the above - This option is incorrect because not all of the statements are true. Only option C a

4. What is the common name for the compound CHâ‚ƒCOOH?

A. Acetic acid
B. Formic acid
C. Butyric acid
D. Propionic acid

Correct answer: A

Rationale: CHâ‚ƒCOOH is commonly known as acetic acid. The other choices represent different organic acids.

5. What is the term for a solution that has a higher concentration of solute compared to another solution?

A. Saturated solution
B. Unsaturated solution
C. Dilute solution
D. Concentrated solution

Correct answer: d

Rationale: A concentrated solution has a higher concentration of solute compared to another solution. The other choices do not accurately describe a concentrated solution.

6. An IV drip delivers medication at a rate of 40 drops per minute. Each drop contains 0.05 milliliters of the medication. How many milliliters of medication are delivered in one hour?

A. 12 milliliters
B. 24 milliliters
C. 60 milliliters
D. 120 milliliters

Correct answer: B

Rationale: First convert minutes to hours (1 hour * 60 minutes). Then, multiply the number of drops per minute (40 drops/minute) by the volume per drop (0.05 ml/drop) and by the conversion factor (60 minutes/hour) to find the total volume delivered: 40 drops/minute * 0.05 ml/drop * 60 minutes/hour = 24 milliliters.