Nursing Elites

1. Which type of orbital can hold a maximum of 10 electrons?

• A. s orbital
• B. p orbital
• C. d orbital
• D. f orbital

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Each f orbital can hold up to 2 electrons, and there are 5 f orbitals, totaling a maximum of 10 electrons.

2. What is the process by which RNA molecules are modified after transcription but before translation?

• A. Replication
• B. Splicing
• C. Editing
• D. Packaging

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: A) Replication: Replication is the process by which DNA is copied to produce a new DNA molecule. This process does not involve RNA molecules. B) Splicing: Splicing is the process by which non-coding regions (introns) are removed from pre-mRNA and the remaining coding regions (exons) are joined together to form mature mRNA. This process occurs after transcription but before translation. C) Editing: While RNA molecules can undergo editing processes such as RNA editing, this term is not commonly used to describe the modification of RNA molecules after transcription. D) Packaging: Packaging refers to the process by which DNA is condensed and organized into chromatin in eukaryotic cells. This term is not typically used to describe the modification of RNA molecules after transcription.

3. A stop sign has five equal sides, each measuring 25cm. What is its perimeter?

• A. 100cm
• B. 125cm
• C. 150cm
• D. 175cm

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Multiply the side length by the number of sides: perimeter = number of sides * side length = 5 * 25cm = 125cm.

4. Which organ helps break down food by grinding it with your teeth?

• A. Stomach
• B. Esophagus
• C. Liver
• D. Mouth

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: The mouth is the organ that helps break down food by grinding it with your teeth. The process of chewing, also known as mastication, breaks down food into smaller pieces, making it easier to swallow and digest. The teeth in the mouth play a crucial role in this initial stage of digestion by physically breaking down food into smaller particles. The other options listed do not directly participate in the mechanical breakdown of food through chewing.

5. The fluid-filled, jelly-like substance within the cell that suspends the organelles is called the:

• A. Nucleus
• B. Cytoplasm
• C. Plasma membrane
• D. Golgi apparatus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm is the fluid-filled, jelly-like substance within the cell that suspends the organelles. It is where many cellular processes take place, such as metabolism and protein synthesis. The nucleus (option A) is the organelle that contains the cell's genetic material, the plasma membrane (option C) is the outer boundary of the cell that regulates what enters and exits the cell, and the Golgi apparatus (option D) is involved in processing and packaging proteins. Understanding the functions of each organelle is crucial in recognizing that the cytoplasm is the correct answer in this context.

6. The tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place are called:

• A. Bronchi
• B. Trachea
• C. Alveoli
• D. Pleura

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Alveoli.' Alveoli are the tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place. Oxygen from the air is diffused into the blood, and carbon dioxide from the blood is diffused into the air in the alveoli. Bronchi (option A) are the large air passages that lead from the trachea into the lungs. Trachea (option B) is the windpipe that connects the larynx to the bronchi. Pleura (option D) is a thin membrane that surrounds the lungs and lines the chest cavity. Understanding these structures is essential for comprehending respiratory function and gas exchange in the human body.

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