Nursing Elites

1. Which type of orbital can hold a maximum of 10 electrons?

• A. s orbital
• B. p orbital
• C. d orbital
• D. f orbital

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Each f orbital can hold up to 2 electrons, and there are 5 f orbitals, totaling a maximum of 10 electrons.

2. A table shows the average blood pressure readings for different age groups. How do you determine the highest average systolic pressure?

• A. Find the largest number in the "systolic pressure" column.
• B. Compare the means (averages) of each age group.
• C. Add all systolic pressure values and divide by the total number of patients.
• D. Subtract the lowest systolic pressure from the highest.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: - To determine the highest average systolic pressure, you need to identify the highest individual systolic pressure reading in the dataset. - Option A instructs you to find the largest number in the "systolic pressure" column, which directly addresses the task of identifying the highest systolic pressure reading. - Comparing means (Option B) would not necessarily give you the highest individual systolic pressure reading, as averages can be influenced by the distribution of values within each age group. - Adding all systolic pressure values and dividing by the total number of patients (Option C) would give you the overall average systolic pressure, not the highest individual reading. - Subtracting the lowest systolic pressure from the highest (Option D) would give you the range of systolic pressures, not specifically the highest individual reading. Therefore, the correct approach to determine the highest average systolic pressure

3. The major site for nutrient absorption in the digestive system is the:

• A. Mouth
• B. Stomach
• C. Small intestine
• D. Large intestine

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Small intestine. The small intestine is the major site for nutrient absorption in the digestive system. It is where most of the digestion and absorption of nutrients from food takes place. The small intestine has villi and microvilli that increase its surface area, allowing for efficient absorption of nutrients like sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids into the bloodstream. The mouth is primarily responsible for mechanical digestion through chewing, while the stomach's main function is to break down food with enzymes and acids. The large intestine mainly absorbs water and electrolytes, with minimal nutrient absorption.

4. In the reaction 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O, how many moles of oxygen are required to react completely with 4 moles of hydrogen?

• A. 1
• B. 2
• C. 3
• D. 4

Correct answer: 2

Rationale: The balanced equation indicates a 1:1 ratio between H2 and O2, so 4 moles of H2 require 4 moles of O2, and 2 moles of H2 require 2 moles of O2.

5. What is the term for a solution that has a higher concentration of solute compared to another solution?

• A. Saturated solution
• B. Unsaturated solution
• C. Dilute solution
• D. Concentrated solution

Correct answer: d

Rationale: A concentrated solution has a higher concentration of solute compared to another solution. The other choices do not accurately describe a concentrated solution.

6. Memory B cells and memory T cells are crucial for immunological memory. How does immunological memory enhance the immune response upon re-exposure to a pathogen?

• A. It increases the production of the same ineffective antibodies.
• B. It allows for a quicker and more robust immune response.
• C. It suppresses the immune system to prevent overreaction.
• D. It triggers a completely different immune response.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Option B is correct because memory B cells and memory T cells retain information about a specific pathogen encountered before. Upon re-exposure to the same pathogen, these memory cells facilitate a faster and stronger immune response. Memory B cells quickly differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibodies more rapidly and in larger quantities than during the initial infection. Memory T cells can recognize the pathogen quickly and activate other immune cells to eliminate the threat efficiently. This allows the immune system to mount a quicker and more effective defense, potentially preventing the spread of the pathogen and reducing the severity of the infection.

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