1. The axial skeleton consists of bones in the:

A. Head, neck, and trunk
B. Arms and legs
C. Hands and feet
D. All of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Head, neck, and trunk.' The axial skeleton includes the bones along the body's central axis, comprising the skull, vertebral column, rib cage, and sternum. These bones provide structural support and protect vital organs. Choices B and C are incorrect as the arms, legs, hands, and feet are part of the appendicular skeleton. Therefore, the axial skeleton primarily encompasses the head, neck, and trunk, making option A the correct choice.

2. What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

A. Mitosis produces haploid cells, while meiosis produces diploid cells
B. Mitosis involves crossing over, while meiosis does not.
C. Mitosis results in four daughter cells, while meiosis results in two
D. Mitosis is responsible for sexual reproduction, while meiosis is responsible for asexual reproduction.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: - Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Therefore, mitosis results in two daughter cells. - Meiosis is a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This reduction in chromosome number is essential for sexual reproduction. - Option A is incorrect because mitosis produces diploid cells (cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell), while meiosis produces haploid cells (cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell). - Option B is incorrect because crossing over, the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, occurs during meiosis and not during mitosis. - Option D is incorrect because mitosis is not responsible for sexual reproduction; it is a process of asexual reproduction and

3. The number of protons in an atom determines its:

A. Mass number
B. Atomic number
C. Atomic number
D. Valence electron count

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The atomic number (Z) equals the number of protons and defines an element's core identity.

4. Saliva contains an enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates. What is the name of this enzyme?

A. Pepsin
B. Amylase
C. Lipase
D. Trypsin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Amylase. Saliva contains the enzyme amylase, which is responsible for breaking down carbohydrates into simpler sugars like maltose and glucose. Pepsin (A) is an enzyme found in the stomach that breaks down proteins. Lipase (C) is an enzyme that breaks down fats, and trypsin (D) is another enzyme that breaks down proteins, but both of these are not found in saliva. Knowing the function of amylase in saliva helps in the digestion of carbohydrates, making it the correct answer.

5. Identify the bone with the greatest length in the human body.

A. Femur (Thigh bone)
B. Humerus (Upper arm bone)
C. Tibia (Shin bone)
D. Scapula (Shoulder blade)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The femur, exceeding a meter in length, bears significant weight and enables locomotion.

6. Nuclear binding energy represents the energy required to:

A. Separate an electron from its atom
B. Separate protons and neutrons within a nucleus
C. Cause nuclear fission
D. Induce nuclear fusion

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nuclear binding energy is the energy required to hold the protons and neutrons within a nucleus together. This energy is necessary to overcome the electrostatic repulsion between positively charged protons in the nucleus. Option A, separating an electron from its atom, is related to ionization energy, not nuclear binding energy. Option C, causing nuclear fission, involves splitting a heavy nucleus into smaller nuclei, releasing energy but not directly related to the binding energy. Option D, inducing nuclear fusion, involves combining two light nuclei to form a heavier nucleus, also not directly related to the energy required to hold protons and neutrons together within a nucleus.