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Nursing Elites

ATI TEAS 7

Anatomy

1. What is the name of the growth plates in children's bones where new bone tissue is formed?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Epiphyses. Epiphyses are the growth plates located at the ends of children's long bones where new bone tissue is formed. These plates are responsible for longitudinal bone growth until they close during adolescence. The diaphysis (B) is the shaft or main portion of a long bone, while the periosteum (C) is the outer membrane covering the bone. The medullary cavity (D) is the central cavity of bone shafts where bone marrow is stored. Understanding the terminology for different parts of bones is essential for comprehending bone growth and development in children.

2. Which of the following can weaken the immune system and increase susceptibility to infections?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Chronic stress can weaken the immune system by increasing the production of stress hormones like cortisol, which can suppress immune function over time. Prolonged stress can also lead to inflammation, making the body more vulnerable to infections. It is important to manage stress levels through relaxation techniques, exercise, and seeking support to maintain a healthy immune system.

3. The protective fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord is called:

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cerebrospinal fluid. Cerebrospinal fluid is a clear, colorless liquid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, providing cushioning and protection against physical impact. It also helps to maintain a stable environment for the central nervous system by regulating pressure and removing waste products. Blood (option A) is not the fluid that directly surrounds the brain and spinal cord. Plasma (option C) is the liquid component of blood and is not specific to the central nervous system. Myelin (option D) is a fatty substance that forms a protective sheath around nerve fibers but is not the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

4. What is the product of the reaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH)?

Correct answer: a

Rationale: The reaction between HCl and NaOH results in the formation of sodium chloride (NaCl) and water (H2O).

5. In meiosis I, how are sister chromatids distinguished from homologous chromosomes?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: While sister chromatids are identical copies of the same chromosome, homologous chromosomes are paired copies, each inherited from one parent. Crossing over during meiosis I can lead to slight differences in their DNA sequences.

6. What is the purpose of genetic counseling?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: To provide information and support to individuals and families with genetic risks. Genetic counselors explain the implications of genetic testing, discuss risks and options, and offer emotional and psychological support.

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