Nursing Elites

1. Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures found along lymphatic vessels. What is their primary function?

• A. To store excess lymph fluid
• B. To produce red blood cells
• C. To filter lymph and fight infection
• D. To transport lymph to the heart

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Lymph nodes are crucial components of the immune system. Their primary function is to filter lymph, which is a clear fluid containing white blood cells, and to fight off infections. Lymph nodes contain specialized cells that help trap and destroy pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, that may be present in the lymph fluid. This process helps to prevent the spread of infections throughout the body and plays a key role in maintaining overall immune function. Therefore, option C, 'To filter lymph and fight infection,' is the most appropriate description of the primary function of lymph nodes.

2. A scientist observes a new chemical reaction and proposes a mechanism for how it occurs. What is the BEST way to test this mechanism?

• A. Simulate the reaction using computer models.
• B. Design experiments to manipulate predicted intermediate steps.
• C. Compare the reaction to similar known reactions.
• D. Publish the mechanism in a scientific journal.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Designing experiments to manipulate predicted intermediate steps is the best way to test the proposed mechanism because it directly tests the validity of the proposed mechanism by manipulating the specific steps involved. This approach allows for empirical validation of the proposed mechanism and provides concrete evidence to support or refute it. Simulating the reaction using computer models may provide some insights but does not directly test the mechanism. Comparing the reaction to similar known reactions can provide some context but does not directly test the proposed mechanism. Publishing the mechanism in a scientific journal is important for sharing findings but does not constitute a test of the mechanism itself.

3. What are the differences between RNA and DNA?

• A. Both have the same structure and function.
• B. RNA is single-stranded, while DNA is double-stranded.
• C. RNA contains ribose sugar, while DNA contains deoxyribose sugar.
• D. RNA has adenine and guanine, while DNA has thymine and cytosine.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: A) This statement is incorrect. RNA and DNA have different structures and functions. RNA is involved in protein synthesis and other cellular processes, while DNA stores genetic information. B) This statement is correct. RNA is typically single-stranded, while DNA is double-stranded, forming a double helix structure. C) This statement is correct. RNA contains ribose sugar in its backbone, while DNA contains deoxyribose sugar. D) This statement is incorrect. RNA contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil, while DNA contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.

4. What is the scientific term for inflammation of the bronchi, often associated with a cough and mucus production?

• A. Pneumonia
• B. Bronchitis
• C. Emphysema
• D. Pleurisy

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bronchitis. Bronchitis is the scientific term for inflammation of the bronchi, which are the air passages in the lungs. This condition is often characterized by a cough, mucus production, and difficulty breathing. Pneumonia (A) is an infection that causes inflammation in the air sacs in the lungs, not the bronchi. Emphysema (C) is a chronic lung condition that results in the damage of the air sacs in the lungs, leading to difficulty breathing. Pleurisy (D) is inflammation of the pleura, the lining around the lungs, and is not directly related to inflammation of the bronchi. Therefore, option B is the correct answer in this case.

5. Which type of fiber is insoluble and promotes gut motility?

• A. Pectin
• B. Cellulose
• C. Beta-gluca
• D. Guar gum

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: A) Pectin is a soluble fiber found in fruits and vegetables. It forms a gel-like substance in the gut and can help lower cholesterol levels. B) Cellulose is an insoluble fiber found in plants, particularly in the cell walls of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. It adds bulk to the stool and promotes gut motility by aiding in the movement of food through the digestive system. C) Beta-glucan is a soluble fiber found in oats and barley. It can help lower cholesterol levels and improve blood sugar control. D) Guar gum is a soluble fiber derived from guar beans. It can help with digestion and may have a role in managing blood sugar levels. In this case, the question specifically asks for the type of fiber that is insoluble and promotes gut motility, which is characteristic of cellulose.

6. Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures found along lymphatic vessels. What is their primary function?

• A. To store excess lymph fluid
• B. To produce red blood cells
• C. To filter lymph and fight infection
• D. To transport lymph to the heart

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Lymph nodes are crucial components of the immune system. Their primary function is to filter lymph, which is a clear fluid containing white blood cells, and to fight off infections. Lymph nodes contain specialized cells that help trap and destroy pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, that may be present in the lymph fluid. This process helps to prevent the spread of infections throughout the body and plays a key role in maintaining overall immune function. Therefore, option C, 'To filter lymph and fight infection,' is the most appropriate description of the primary function of lymph nodes.

Similar Questions