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Nursing Elites

ATI TEAS 7

Biology

1. During antibiotic use, bacteria can evolve resistance. This is an example of:

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: - Coevolution (option A) refers to the influence of two species on each other's evolution, which is not the case in the scenario described in the question. - Convergent evolution (option B) involves unrelated organisms evolving similar traits due to similar environmental pressures, which is not directly applicable to the situation of bacteria evolving resistance to antibiotics. - Macroevolution (option C) refers to large-scale evolutionary changes over long periods, which is not specifically demonstrated in the context of bacteria evolving resistance during antibiotic use. - The process of bacteria evolving resistance to antibiotics due to the selective pressure exerted by the antibiotics is an example of artificial selection (human intervention selecting for certain traits) acting on a natural process (bacterial evolution). Antibiotic use creates a selective pressure that favors the survival and reproduction of bacteria with resistance traits, leading to the evolution of an

2. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most abundant antibody type, responsible for:

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Neutralizing toxins and viruses.' Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most abundant antibody type in the blood and tissues. It plays a crucial role in neutralizing toxins and viruses by binding to them and marking them for destruction by other immune cells. IgG is also involved in opsonization, which enhances phagocytosis of pathogens by immune cells. While IgE is primarily responsible for immediate allergic reactions, IgG's main functions are related to immunity against pathogens rather than allergic responses. Activating other immune cells is typically associated with antibodies like IgM, while protecting newborns from infections is mainly attributed to maternal IgG antibodies passed on during pregnancy. Therefore, option B is the most accurate description of IgG's role in the immune system.

3. Which type of muscle is characterized by voluntary control and is responsible for body movement?

Correct answer: c

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscles are characterized by voluntary control, meaning they are under conscious control, allowing us to move our body parts as desired. These muscles are attached to bones and are responsible for movements such as walking, running, and lifting objects. Cardiac muscle (A) is found in the heart and is involuntary, while smooth muscle (B) is found in internal organs and is also involuntary. Connective tissue (D) provides support and structure to the body but is not responsible for body movements.

4. A pressure vessel has a cylindrical body (diameter 10cm, height 20cm) with hemispherical ends (same diameter as the cylinder). What is its total surface area?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Calculate the surface area of the cylinder (base + lateral surface) and two hemispheres. Add them all up for the total surface area.

5. Pinpoint the smallest bone in the human body.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The stapes, crucial for hearing, transmits and amplifies sound vibrations. Despite its size, it plays a vital role in auditory perception.

6. In the sentence "The house was dilapidated," what effect does the word "dilapidated" have on the reader's understanding?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The word "dilapidated" specifically describes the house's deteriorating state.

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