1. A study finds a specific gene linked to increased risk of heart disease. Does this mean everyone with that gene will develop heart disease?

A. Yes, the gene deterministically causes heart disease.
B. No, other factors also influence heart disease risk.
C. We need more research to clarify the gene's exact role.
D. Only people with a family history of heart disease need to worry.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The presence of a specific gene linked to an increased risk of heart disease does not guarantee that everyone with that gene will develop the condition. Other factors such as lifestyle, environment, and overall health also play a significant role in determining an individual's risk of heart disease. Therefore, it is essential to consider these additional factors rather than solely attributing the risk to the gene itself.

2. Which of the following conclusions of Ms. Castro about leadership characteristics is TRUE?

A. There is a high correlation between the communication skills of a leader and the ability to get
B. A manager is effective when he has the ability to plan well.
C. Assessment of personal traits is a reliable tool for predicting a managerÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s potential.
D. There is good evidence that certain personal qualities favor success in managerial role.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because effective communication skills are essential for a leader to successfully convey ideas, motivate teams, and build relationships. Strong communication skills enable a leader to articulate goals clearly, listen to feedback, and resolve conflicts efficiently. This correlation between communication skills and leadership effectiveness has been well-documented in numerous studies. In contrast, options B, C, and D are not universally true statements about leadership characteristics. While planning skills and personal traits may contribute to effective leadership, they are not as directly linked to leadership success as communication skills. Therefore, option A is the most accurate conclusion about leadership characteristics among the choices provided.

3. An element with atomic number 26 and mass number 56 is most likely to be:

A. Iron (Fe)
B. Cobalt (Co)
C. Nickel (Ni)
D. Manganese (Mn)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Iron (Fe) - Fe-56 has 26 protons and aligns with the given atomic number and mass number.

4. Sunscreen protects the skin from harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays by

A. Reflecting UV rays away from the skin
B. Absorbing UV rays and converting them to heat
C. Blocking UV rays completely
D. Stimulating melanin production

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Absorbing UV rays and converting them to heat. Sunscreen contains ingredients that act as filters to absorb UV radiation before it reaches the skin. These filters then convert the UV rays into a less harmful form of energy, usually heat, which is then released from the body. This process helps prevent UV radiation from damaging the skin cells and causing sunburn or long-term skin damage. Reflecting UV rays away from the skin (A) and blocking UV rays completely (C) are not accurate functions of sunscreen. Additionally, stimulating melanin production (D) is not a direct way in which sunscreen protects the skin from UV rays.

5. What property of a wave is responsible for determining its energy?

A. Amplitude
B. Wavelength
C. Frequency
D. Velocity

Correct answer: a

Rationale: The amplitude of a wave determines its energy, with higher amplitudes corresponding to higher energy levels.

6. What is the significance of studying pedigrees in human genetics?

A. Predicting the exact outcome of genetic crosses in humans.
B. Tracing the inheritance of complex traits with multiple contributing genes.
C. Identifying carriers of dominant genetic disorders.
D. Determining the risk of acquiring a specific mutation de novo.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: Pedigrees are diagrams that show the relationships within a family and can be used to track the inheritance patterns of specific traits or diseases. While pedigrees can provide information on the inheritance of single gene disorders (such as identifying carriers of dominant genetic disorders, as mentioned in option C), their primary significance lies in studying complex traits with multiple contributing genes. These traits do not follow simple Mendelian inheritance patterns and are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. By analyzing pedigrees, researchers can identify patterns of inheritance for complex traits, such as polygenic diseases or traits influenced by gene-environment interactions. Therefore, option B is the most appropriate choice as it captures the main significance of studying pedigrees in human genetics.