ATI TEAS 7
Physics
1. What happens to the internal energy of a system when it performs work on its surroundings?
- A. It increases.
- B. It decreases.
- C. It remains the same.
- D. Information insufficient
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When a system performs work on its surroundings, it loses internal energy in accordance with the first law of thermodynamics.
2. Which of the following is a characteristic of unsaturated fatty acids?
- A. They are solid at room temperature.
- B. They contain only single bonds.
- C. They have a higher melting point.
- D. They contain double or triple bonds.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Unsaturated fatty acids contain double or triple bonds in their hydrocarbon chains. The other choices do not accurately describe unsaturated fatty acids.
3. Which of the following is the main organ responsible for producing antibodies?
- A. Thymus gland
- B. Spleen
- C. Bone marrow
- D. Lymph nodes
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Antibodies are proteins produced by specialized white blood cells called B lymphocytes (B cells). These B cells mature in the bone marrow, where they undergo a process of differentiation and maturation to become plasma cells that secrete antibodies. The bone marrow is the primary site for the production of B cells and antibodies in the immune system. The thymus gland is responsible for the maturation of T lymphocytes (T cells), not antibody production. The spleen and lymph nodes play roles in filtering and trapping pathogens but are not the main organs responsible for producing antibodies.
4. Which of Mendel's Laws states that alleles for a gene segregate during gamete formation?
- A. Law of Independent Assortment
- B. Law of Segregation
- C. Law of Dominance
- D. Law of Probability
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: The Law of Segregation, proposed by Gregor Mendel, states that alleles for a gene segregate during gamete formation. This means that each parent passes on only one allele for each gene to their offspring. This law explains how genetic diversity is maintained and how different combinations of alleles are generated in offspring. The Law of Independent Assortment (option A) states that alleles of different genes assort independently of each other during gamete formation. The Law of Dominance (option C) states that one allele can be dominant over another allele, affecting the phenotype. The Law of Probability (option D) is a general concept that describes the likelihood of a particular event occurring.
5. Which of the following is NOT a mechanism that can directly cause evolution by natural selection?
- A. Mutations in genes
- B. Differential survival and reproduction based on traits
- C. Inheritance of acquired characteristics (like strong muscles from working out)
- D. Competition for resources in an environment
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: A) Mutations in genes can introduce new genetic variations into a population, which can be acted upon by natural selection. B) Differential survival and reproduction based on traits is a key component of natural selection, as individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and pass on their genes to the next generation. C) Inheritance of acquired characteristics, also known as Lamarckism, is not a mechanism of evolution by natural selection. Traits acquired during an individual's lifetime (such as strong muscles from working out) are not passed on to offspring. D) Competition for resources in an environment can drive natural selection by favoring individuals with traits that help them better compete for limited resources. Therefore, the correct answer is C) Inheritance of acquired characteristics (like strong muscles from working out), as it is not a mechanism that can directly cause evolution by natural selection.
6. Regular exercise is beneficial for the muscular system by:
- A. Decreasing muscle mass
- B. Improving muscle strength and endurance
- C. Making muscles less flexible
- D. Increasing the risk of muscle tears
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Improving muscle strength and endurance.' Regular exercise is beneficial for the muscular system as it helps to strengthen muscles and increase endurance. By engaging in consistent physical activity, muscles adapt and grow stronger, which can enhance overall physical performance and reduce the risk of injury. Exercise also improves blood flow to the muscles, aiding in their recovery and growth. It does not decrease muscle mass (A), make muscles less flexible (C), or increase the risk of muscle tears (D), as long as proper form and gradual progression are followed.
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