Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is an example of a salt?

• A. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
• B. Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
• C. Sodium chloride (NaCl)
• D. Sulfuric acid (Hâ‚‚SOâ‚„)

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Sodium chloride is an example of a salt. The other choices are either bases or acids.

2. What happens to the frequency of a wave if its wavelength decreases while the speed remains constant?

• A. Frequency decreases
• B. Frequency increases
• C. Frequency remains constant
• D. Frequency becomes zero

Correct answer: b

Rationale: If the speed of the wave remains constant while the wavelength decreases, the frequency of the wave increases.

3. Which of the following terms refers to a muscle that lengthens while another muscle contracts to produce movement?

• A. Synergist
• B. Agonist
• C. Antagonist
• D. Flexor

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Antagonist. In muscle physiology, an antagonist refers to a muscle that lengthens while another muscle contracts to produce movement. This relationship allows for smooth and coordinated movement by controlling the action of the agonist muscle. For example, when you bend your arm, the biceps muscle (agonist) contracts to flex the arm while the triceps muscle (antagonist) lengthens to allow for this movement. Synergists assist the agonist muscle in performing a movement, while flexors are a type of muscle that decreases the angle between bones at a joint. Therefore, the antagonist best fits the description of a muscle that lengthens while another muscle contracts.

4. What is the name of the microscopic filtering unit within the kidney responsible for waste removal and blood volume regulation?

• A. Nephron
• B. Ureteric bud
• C. Renal pyramid
• D. Glomerulus

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Nephron. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for waste removal and blood volume regulation. It consists of the renal corpuscle, including the glomerulus for filtration, and the renal tubule for reabsorption and secretion. The other options, such as the ureteric bud, renal pyramid, and glomerulus, are structures within the kidney but do not specifically refer to the filtering unit responsible for waste removal and blood volume regulation like the nephron does.

5. What is the primary function of DNA polymerase?

• A. Packaging DNA
• B. Replicating DNA
• C. Transcribing DNA
• D. Translating mRNA

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: DNA polymerase is an enzyme responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands during DNA replication. It adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand based on the template provided by the existing DNA strand. This process ensures that genetic information is accurately copied and passed on to daughter cells during cell division. Packaging DNA (option A) refers to the coiling and organization of DNA into chromatin, a process involving histones and other proteins. Transcribing DNA (option C) involves the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template, a process carried out by RNA polymerase. Translating mRNA (option D) refers to the process of protein synthesis where the information encoded in mRNA is used to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain.

6. The muscular chamber of the heart that receives blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs is the:

• A. Right atrium
• B. Left atrium
• C. Right ventricle
• D. Left ventricle

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Right ventricle. The right ventricle receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and passes it to the right ventricle. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and passes it to the left ventricle. The left ventricle then pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. Understanding the flow of blood through the heart chambers is essential for grasping the functions of each chamber in the circulatory system.

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