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Nursing Elites

ATI TEAS 7

Chemistry

1. Which of the following is an example of a salt?

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Sodium chloride is an example of a salt. The other choices are either bases or acids.

2. Which of the following is a characteristic of alkenes?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Alkenes have a double bond between carbon atoms, making them unsaturated hydrocarbons. The other choices do not accurately describe alkenes.

3. The discovery of nuclear fission is credited to:

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Enrico Fermi. Enrico Fermi is credited with the discovery of nuclear fission. In 1934, Fermi conducted experiments in which he bombarded uranium atoms with neutrons, leading to the splitting of the uranium nucleus and the release of energy. This groundbreaking discovery laid the foundation for the development of nuclear reactors and atomic bombs. Marie Curie made significant contributions to the field of radioactivity, but she did not discover nuclear fission. Albert Einstein is known for his theory of relativity, not for the discovery of nuclear fission. Ernest Rutherford made important contributions to the understanding of atomic structure, but he did not discover nuclear fission. Therefore, Enrico Fermi is the correct answer for the discovery of nuclear fission.

4. Percent Increase/Decrease: A medication dosage is increased by 20%. If the original dosage was 100mg, what is the new dosage?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Multiply the original dosage (100mg) by 1 + the percentage increase (20% = 0.2) to get 120mg.

5. The fluid-filled sacs that cushion the brain within the skull are called:

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cerebrospinal fluid. Cerebrospinal fluid is a clear, colorless fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, acting as a cushion to protect the central nervous system from injury. Meninges (Option A) are the protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord, while the dura mater (Option C) and arachnoid mater (Option D) are specific layers of the meninges. However, cerebrospinal fluid is the fluid-filled sac that directly cushions the brain within the skull, making it the most appropriate answer for this question.

6. What is the difference between a germline mutation and a somatic mutation?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: - Germline mutations are changes in the DNA of reproductive cells (sperm or egg cells) and can be passed on to offspring, affecting all cells in the resulting organism. - Somatic mutations are changes in the DNA of non-reproductive cells (body cells) and are not passed on to offspring. These mutations only affect the cells that arise from the mutated cell. - Option A is incorrect because somatic mutations are not passed to offspring. - Option C is incorrect because both germline and somatic mutations can affect any DNA. - Option D is incorrect because the effects of mutations, whether germline or somatic, can be beneficial, harmful, or have no significant impact.

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