Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is an example of a salt?

• A. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
• B. Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
• C. Sodium chloride (NaCl)
• D. Sulfuric acid (Hâ‚‚SOâ‚„)

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Sodium chloride is an example of a salt. The other choices are either bases or acids.

2. Which muscle plays a significant role in the process of forced exhalation by contracting to reduce the thoracic cavity volume?

• A. Diaphragm
• B. External intercostal muscles
• C. Internal intercostal muscles
• D. Abdominal muscles

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Internal intercostal muscles. During forced exhalation, these muscles contract to depress the ribs and decrease the thoracic cavity volume, assisting in pushing air out of the lungs. The diaphragm is primarily responsible for inhalation by contracting to increase thoracic cavity volume. External intercostal muscles aid in inhalation by elevating the ribs. Abdominal muscles are involved in activities like coughing, sneezing, and forced exhalation by compressing the abdominal contents to further reduce thoracic volume. Therefore, the internal intercostal muscles have a significant role in forced exhalation.

3. Which word is misspelled?

• A. accommodate
• B. acquiesce
• C. circumstance
• D. indelible

Correct answer: D

Rationale: "Indelible" is spelled correctly, while "circumstance" should be "circumstance."

4. Newton's rings are a visual demonstration of:

• A. Diffraction
• B. Doppler effect
• C. Polarization
• D. Thin-film interference

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Newton's rings are a series of concentric colored rings observed when light is reflected between a spherical surface and a flat surface. This phenomenon is a result of thin-film interference, which occurs due to the varying thickness of the air gap between the surfaces. The interference of light waves results in constructive and destructive interference, leading to the formation of the rings. Diffraction, the bending of light around obstacles, is not the cause of Newton's rings. The Doppler effect involves the change in frequency of waves due to motion and is not relevant in this context. Polarization refers to the orientation of electromagnetic waves, which is not the primary factor in the formation of Newton's rings. Therefore, the correct answer is D: Thin-film interference.

5. Which statement accurately describes the electron cloud model of the atom?

• A. Electrons precisely orbit the nucleus in defined paths.
• B. Electrons occupy specific energy levels around the nucleus with varying probabilities.
• C. Electrons are clustered tightly within the nucleus.
• D. Electrons move randomly throughout the entire atom.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Electrons occupy specific energy levels around the nucleus with varying probabilities. The electron cloud model depicts electrons existing in distinct energy levels, not fixed orbits, with probabilities of finding them in specific regions.

6. Which of the following is evidence that the controlling process is effective?

• A. The things that were planned are done
• B. Physicians do not complain.
• C. Employees are contended
• D. There is an increase in customer satisfaction rate.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'The things that were planned are done.' This is evidence that the controlling process is effective because it indicates that the organization is able to execute its plans successfully. When planned tasks and activities are completed as intended, it shows that the controlling function is ensuring that operations are on track and that deviations are being corrected. The completion of planned tasks also demonstrates that resources are being effectively utilized and that performance is being monitored and controlled. The other options do not directly relate to the effectiveness of the controlling process. Physicians not complaining, employees being contented, and an increase in customer satisfaction rate could be influenced by various factors and may not necessarily be solely attributed to the effectiveness of the controlling process.

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