Nursing Elites

1. The constituents of an atomic nucleus consist of:

• A. Electrons and protons only
• B. Protons and neutrons only
• C. Electrons, protons, and neutrons
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Protons and neutrons only." This is because the atomic nucleus is composed of protons, which carry a positive charge, and neutrons, which are neutral. Electrons are found outside the nucleus in electron shells. Protons and neutrons are collectively known as nucleons and are responsible for the mass of the atom. Electrons are much lighter and are involved in chemical reactions and bonding. Therefore, the constituents of an atomic nucleus are specifically protons and neutrons, making option B the correct choice.

2. Which of the following organs is responsible for churning and mechanically breaking down food?

• A. Small intestine
• B. Large intestine
• C. Stomach
• D. Esophagus

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: The stomach is responsible for churning and mechanically breaking down food. It contains muscles that contract and relax to mix food with digestive juices, breaking it down into smaller particles. This mechanical digestion process helps prepare the food for further digestion and absorption in the small intestine. The small intestine is primarily responsible for the absorption of nutrients, the large intestine absorbs water and salts, the esophagus is a muscular tube that transports food from the mouth to the stomach.

3. Which muscle type is characterized by a combination of voluntary and involuntary control, is striated, and is responsible for pumping blood throughout the circulatory system?

• A. Skeletal muscle
• B. Smooth muscle
• C. Cardiac muscle
• D. Connective tissue

Correct answer: c

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cardiac muscle. Cardiac muscle is characterized by a combination of voluntary and involuntary control, as the heart can beat involuntarily while also responding to signals from the autonomic nervous system. It is striated, meaning it has a striped appearance under a microscope due to the arrangement of contractile proteins. Cardiac muscle is responsible for pumping blood throughout the circulatory system, making it crucial for maintaining circulation and delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues. Skeletal muscle (option A) is primarily under voluntary control and is responsible for movement, while smooth muscle (option B) is predominantly involuntarily controlled and found in organs like the intestines. Connective tissue (option D) provides support and structure but is not a muscle type responsible for pumping blood.

4. A water fountain has a spherical base (diameter 50cm) and a cylindrical body (diameter 30cm, height 80cm) on top. What is the total surface area of the fountain (excluding the water surface)?

• A. 3142 sq cm
• B. 4712 sq cm
• C. 5486 sq cm
• D. 7957 sq cm

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Calculate the surface area of the sphere and the cylinder separately, then add them up.

5. A child's toy block is a cube with side lengths of 5cm. What is its total surface area?

• A. 25 sq cm
• B. 50 sq cm
• C. 125 sq
• D. 150 sq cm

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Use the formula for surface area of a cube: 6 * (side length)^2 = 6 * (5cm)^2 = 125 sq cm.

6. Which of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood away from the lungs?

• A. Pulmonary artery
• B. Aorta
• C. Superior vena cava
• D. Inferior vena cava

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Aorta. The aorta is the main artery in the body that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. The pulmonary artery, option A, carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. The superior vena cava, option C, and inferior vena cava, option D, are veins that carry deoxygenated blood from the upper and lower parts of the body, respectively, back to the heart. Therefore, the aorta is the blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the lungs.

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