ATI TEAS 7
Biology
1. What happens when a protein unfolds?
- A. Activation
- B. Denaturation
- C. Renaturation
- D. Folding
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: - Activation (Option A) refers to the process of initiating or increasing the activity of a molecule, such as an enzyme. Protein unfolding does not involve activation. - Denaturation (Option B) is the correct answer. Denaturation refers to the process by which a protein loses its three-dimensional structure, leading to the disruption of its function. This can be caused by factors such as heat, pH changes, or chemicals. - Renaturation (Option C) is the process by which a denatured protein regains its native structure and function. Protein unfolding is the opposite of renaturation. - Folding (Option D) is the process by which a protein assumes its functional three-dimensional structure. Unfolding is the reverse process of folding, not folding itself.
2. What is a lifestyle practice that can benefit the lymphatic system?
- A. Consuming a high-sugar diet
- B. Maintaining a sedentary lifestyle
- C. Regularly engaging in moderate exercise
- D. Smoking cigarettes
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Regularly engaging in moderate exercise. Exercise can benefit the lymphatic system by promoting circulation and the movement of lymph fluid throughout the body. This helps to remove toxins and waste products, improving overall lymphatic function. Consuming a high-sugar diet (A) can have a negative impact on the lymphatic system by increasing inflammation and impairing immune function. Maintaining a sedentary lifestyle (B) can lead to poor lymphatic circulation and fluid retention. Smoking cigarettes (D) is harmful to the lymphatic system and overall health, as it can impair immune function and increase inflammation.
3. Differentiate between gene therapy and genetic engineering in the context of human intervention.
- A. Gene therapy aims to modify existing genes within body cells, while genetic engineering manipulates genes in embryos to be passed on to offspring.
- B. Gene therapy focuses on treating genetic diseases, while genetic engineering enhances desirable traits or eliminates undesirable ones.
- C. Both involve directly altering the DNA sequence, but gene therapy targets somatic cells and genetic engineering modifies germline cells.
- D. There is no fundamental difference; both terms are synonymous.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: A) Incorrect. Gene therapy does aim to modify existing genes within body cells, but genetic engineering does not necessarily manipulate genes in embryos to be passed on to offspring. Genetic engineering can involve modifying genes in any type of cell, not just embryos. B) Correct. Gene therapy is a medical intervention that aims to treat genetic diseases by correcting or replacing faulty genes within an individual's body cells. On the other hand, genetic engineering involves modifying genes to enhance specific traits or eliminate undesirable ones, often in the context of agriculture or biotechnology. C) Incorrect. While both gene therapy and genetic engineering involve altering DNA sequences, the distinction lies in the target cells. Gene therapy targets somatic cells (non-reproductive cells), while genetic engineering typically involves modifying germline cells (reproductive cells that can pass on genetic changes to offspring). D) Incorrect. There is
4. According to the Law of Conservation of Energy, the total amount of energy in a closed system:
- A. Increases over time.
- B. Decreases over time.
- C. Remains constant.
- D. Depends on the temperature of the system.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: According to the Law of Conservation of Energy, the total amount of energy in a closed system remains constant. This means that energy cannot be created or destroyed within the system, but can only be transformed from one form to another. As a result, the total energy within the system is conserved and does not change over time. This principle is fundamental in understanding energy transformations and interactions within physical systems.
5. Which of the following is an example of a weak acid?
- A. Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
- B. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
- C. Acetic acid (CH3COOH)
- D. Nitric acid (HNO3)
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Weak acids only partially dissociate in water, releasing a lower concentration of hydrogen ions.
6. Which of the following guidelines should be least considered in formulating objectives for
- A. Written nursing care plan
- B. Holistic approach
- C. Prescribed standards
- D. Staff preferences
Correct answer: D
Rationale: When formulating objectives for a written nursing care plan, staff preferences should be the least considered guideline. Objectives in a care plan should be based on the patient's needs, evidence-based practices, and prescribed standards of care to ensure quality and effective treatment. Staff preferences may introduce biased decisions that do not align with the best interests of the patient. It is crucial to prioritize holistic care, which considers all aspects of the patient's well-being, and adhere to prescribed standards to provide comprehensive and individualized care. By disregarding staff preferences and focusing on what is best for the patient, healthcare professionals can deliver optimal care that promotes patient outcomes and satisfaction.
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