1. Which of the following statements refers to criteria?

A. Agreed on level of nursing care
B. Characteristics used to measure the level of nursing care
C. Step-by-step guidelines
D. Statement which guide the group in decision making and problem solving

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Criteria are specific characteristics or standards used to evaluate or measure the quality or level of something. In this case, statement B, 'Characteristics used to measure the level of nursing care,' correctly refers to criteria because it highlights the specific attributes that are used to assess the quality or level of nursing care provided. The other options do not directly address the concept of criteria. Option A describes an agreed-upon level of care but does not specifically refer to criteria. Option C describes step-by-step guidelines, which are more related to processes or procedures. Option D mentions statements that guide decision-making and problem-solving, which are not necessarily criteria. Therefore, option B is the most appropriate choice as it directly aligns with the definition and concept of criteria.

2. Two cars with different masses collide head-on. Which car experiences a greater change in momentum?

A. The car with the larger mass
B. The car with the smaller mass
C. Both cars experience the same change in momentum
D. It depends on the initial velocities of the cars

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The car with the smaller mass. Although momentum is conserved in the collision, the change in momentum is inversely proportional to mass. Therefore, the car with the smaller mass will experience a larger relative change.

3. Action potentials, the all-or-nothing electrical signals traveling along neurons, are generated by the movement of:

A. Glucose
B. Sodium and potassium ions
C. Neurotransmitters
D. Myelin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sodium and potassium ions. Action potentials are generated by the movement of sodium and potassium ions across the neuronal membrane. During depolarization, sodium ions rush into the cell, causing a change in electrical charge. This influx of positive ions triggers the opening of voltage-gated potassium channels, allowing potassium ions to exit the cell during repolarization. Glucose is a source of energy for cells but does not directly generate action potentials. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers released at synapses, while myelin is a fatty substance that insulates axons, speeding up the conduction of action potentials but not directly generating them.

4. What is the relationship between mass and weight on Earth's surface?

A. Mass and weight are equal
B. Mass is greater than weight
C. Weight is greater than mass
D. Mass and weight are not related

Correct answer: a

Rationale: On Earth's surface, mass and weight are directly proportional but not equal, as weight is the force due to gravity acting on an object's mass.

5. Which functional group is commonly found in ketones?

A. Hydroxyl
B. Carbonyl
C. Ester
D. Amine

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Ketones have the functional group -CO-, which is a carbonyl group. The other choices are associated with different functional groups

6. What is the main consequence of a malfunctioning thyroid gland that produces abnormally low levels of thyroid hormones?

A. Increased energy levels and weight loss
B. Decreased heart rate and body temperature
C. Enhanced muscle growth and bone development
D. Faster metabolism and heightened alertness

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Decreased heart rate and body temperature.' When the thyroid gland produces abnormally low levels of thyroid hormones (hypothyroidism), it can lead to a decrease in metabolic rate, resulting in symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, and feeling cold. A lower metabolic rate can slow down heart rate and decrease body temperature. The other options (A, C, D) are not characteristic of hypothyroidism. Increased energy levels and weight loss, enhanced muscle growth and bone development, and faster metabolism and heightened alertness are more commonly associated with hyperthyroidism, where the thyroid gland produces excess hormones.