Nursing Elites

1. What is kwashiorkor, a protein deficiency disease, characterized by?

• A. Muscle wasting
• B. Night blindness
• C. Scurvy
• D. Rickets

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Kwashiorkor is a type of severe acute malnutrition caused by a deficiency of dietary protein. It is characterized by symptoms such as edema (swelling due to fluid retention), skin lesions, an enlarged liver with fatty infiltrates, and muscle wasting. Muscle wasting is a key feature of kwashiorkor due to the body breaking down muscle tissue to obtain essential amino acids for vital functions. Night blindness (option B) is a symptom of vitamin A deficiency, scurvy (option C) is caused by a lack of vitamin C, and rickets (option D) is a condition resulting from a deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate.

2. The primary source of energy entering most ecosystems is:

• A. Chemical energy stored in bonds
• B. Thermal energy from the Earth's core
• C. Light energy from the sun
• D. Kinetic energy from wind and water

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: In most ecosystems, the primary source of energy is sunlight. This energy is captured by plants and other photosynthetic organisms through the process of photosynthesis. These organisms convert light energy into chemical energy stored in the bonds of organic molecules, such as glucose. This stored chemical energy is then passed on to other organisms in the ecosystem through the food chain, making sunlight the fundamental source of energy for most ecosystems. Thermal energy from the Earth's core (option B) is not a primary source of energy for ecosystems, as it is not readily accessible to most organisms. Kinetic energy from wind and water (option D) can play a role in some ecosystems, but it is not the primary source of energy. Chemical energy stored in bonds (option A) is a form of energy that is derived ultimately from the sun through photosynthesis.

3. Inhalation

• A. Expiration
• B. Respiration
• C. Aspiration
• D. Aspiration

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Respiration.' Inhalation refers to the process of breathing in air, while respiration is the overall process of gas exchange in the body, including both inhalation and exhalation. Expiration refers specifically to the process of breathing out air. Aspiration, on the other hand, refers to the act of inhaling foreign objects into the lungs, which can be harmful. Therefore, 'Respiration' is the most appropriate term related to 'Inhalation' as it encompasses the entire process of breathing and gas exchange in the body.

4. When writing dialogue, remember to:

• A. Avoid contractions and informal language for realism.
• B. Use formal vocabulary to sound sophisticated.
• C. Create realistic speech patterns reflecting the characters' personalities.
• D. Focus on descriptive narrative over character interactions.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Effective dialogue captures the characters' unique voices and personalities through realistic speech patterns and word choices.

5. You need to fill a rectangular swimming pool with dimensions 10 meters by 5 meters and a depth of 2 meters. How many cubic meters of water does it take to fill the pool?

• A. 50 cu m
• B. 100 cu m
• C. 150 cu m
• D. 200 cu m

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Simply multiply the pool's dimensions to find its volume.

6. Which sentence uses strong verbs to create a more vivid image?

• A. The car moved slowly down the street.
• B. The car drove sluggishly down the road.
• C. The car inched down the avenue.
• D. The car traveled down the thoroughfare.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: "Inched" creates a stronger image of the car's slow movement compared to "moved" or "drove."

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