Nursing Elites

1. Which term refers to the resistance of a liquid to flow?

• A. Density
• B. Viscosity
• C. Surface tension
• D. Boiling point

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Viscosity is the term that refers to the resistance of a liquid to flow. It is a measure of how thick or sticky a fluid is, and it determines how easily a liquid can flow. Density (A) is a measure of how much mass is contained in a given volume, surface tension (C) is the property of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force due to the cohesive nature of its molecules, and boiling point (D) is the temperature at which a liquid changes to a vapor.

2. The free edges of your fingernails and toenails are technically called the:

• A. Lunula (The lunula is the white crescent moon shape at the base of the nail)
• B. Matrix (The matrix is the area under the nail where new nail cells are produced)
• C. Hyponychium (This is the skin under the free edge of the nail)
• D. Free edge

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The free edges of your fingernails and toenails are the parts that extend beyond the fingertip or toe. These edges are commonly referred to simply as the "free edge" because they are not attached to the skin. The lunula is the white crescent moon shape at the base of the nail, the matrix is the area under the nail where new nail cells are produced, and the hyponychium is the skin under the free edge of the nail. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

3. The involuntary reflex arc that withdraws your hand from a hot object involves the:

• A. Central nervous system only
• B. Peripheral nervous system only
• C. Both CNS and PNS
• D. Sensory neurons only

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Both CNS and PNS'. This is because the reflex arc involves both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The sensory neurons in the PNS detect the stimulus (hot object), then send signals to the spinal cord in the CNS. The spinal cord processes the information and immediately sends a motor response signal back out through the PNS to move the hand away from the hot object. This rapid and involuntary response demonstrates the coordination between the CNS and PNS in executing the reflex arc.

4. Which hormone, produced by the pituitary gland, stimulates the production of milk in mammary glands during breastfeeding?

• A. Growth hormone (GH)
• B. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
• C. Prolactin
• D. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Correct answer: c

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Prolactin. Prolactin is the hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates the production of milk in the mammary glands during breastfeeding. It plays a crucial role in lactation by promoting the growth and development of the mammary glands and initiating the production of milk. Growth hormone (GH) regulates growth and metabolism, not milk production. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates the thyroid gland, not mammary glands. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is involved in reproductive processes, not milk production. Therefore, prolactin is the hormone directly responsible for stimulating milk production during breastfeeding.

5. A syringe holds 3ml of liquid. How many syringes are needed to measure 15ml of liquid?

• A. 3
• B. 5
• C. 7
• D. 9

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Divide the total liquid volume (15ml) by the syringe capacity (3ml/syringe) to get 5 syringes.

6. Urinary system health can be maintained through various lifestyle practices. Which of the following is NOT recommended for optimal urinary system health?

• A. Limiting high-sodium foods in the diet
• B. Consuming adequate amounts of cranberry juice
• C. Holding urine in the bladder for long periods
• D. Getting regular moderate-intensity exercise

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Holding urine in the bladder for long periods. This is not recommended for optimal urinary system health because it can increase the risk of urinary tract infections and bladder problems. It is important to empty the bladder regularly to prevent bacteria from multiplying and causing infections. Limiting high-sodium foods in the diet helps maintain kidney health by reducing the risk of kidney stones and high blood pressure. Consuming cranberry juice can help prevent urinary tract infections due to its antibacterial properties. Regular moderate-intensity exercise promotes overall health, including good circulation to the kidneys and bladder.

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