1. Which of the following is NOT a part of the body's innate immune response?

A. Physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes
B. Phagocytes that engulf and destroy pathogens
C. Inflammatory response to isolate and contain infection
D. Production of antibodies specific to a particular pathogen

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The body's innate immune response is the first line of defense against pathogens, and it includes physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes (option A), phagocytes that engulf and destroy pathogens (option B), and the inflammatory response to isolate and contain infections (option C). The production of antibodies specific to a particular pathogen (option D) is part of the adaptive immune response, which develops over time and is not considered part of the innate immune system. Therefore, option D is not a component of the body's innate immune response.

2. The speed of light in a vacuum is measured in units of:

A. Meters per second
B. Hertz
C. Candela
D. Newton

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Meters per second.' The speed of light in a vacuum is a fundamental constant of nature and is approximately 299,792,458 meters per second. This speed is constant and does not vary based on the frequency or wavelength of light. Hertz (B) is a unit of frequency, Candela (C) is a unit of luminous intensity, and Newton (D) is a unit of force. Understanding the units used to measure the speed of light is important in physics and related fields to accurately describe the propagation of light in different mediums.

3. What is the correct way to write "25th anniversary" as a word?

A. Twenty-fiveth anniversary
B. Twenty Fiveth Anniversary
C. Twenty fifth anniversary
D. twenty-fifth anniversary

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Ordinals (numbers with "th", "st", "nd", etc.) are generally written as words when used before nouns. Option (d) is correct.

4. How do isotopes affect the atomic mass of an element?

A. Isotopes have no effect on the atomic mass of an element.
B. Isotopes cause the atomic mass of an element to vary slightly.
C. Isotopes cause the atomic mass of an element to be exactly the same for all isotopes of that element.
D. Isotopes cause the atomic mass of an element to vary greatly.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The atomic mass of an element is the average mass of all the isotopes of that element. Since isotopes have different numbers of neutrons, they also have slightly different masses. This variation in mass is what causes the atomic mass of an element to be a decimal number, rather than a whole number.

5. What is the difference between a real image and a virtual image formed by a lens?

A. Real images can be projected onto a screen, while virtual images cannot.
B. Real images are always upright, while virtual images can be inverted.
C. Real images are formed by converging lenses, while virtual images are formed by diverging lenses.
D. All of the above are true.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Real images are formed by the actual convergence of light rays and can be projected onto a screen, while virtual images are formed by the apparent divergence of light rays and cannot be projected.

6. There are times when Katherine evaluates her staff as she makes her daily rounds. Which of

A. The staff member is observed in natural setting.
B. Incidental confrontation and collaboration is allowed.
C. The evaluation is focused on objective data systematically.
D. The evaluation may provide valid information for compilation of a formal report.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'The staff member is observed in a natural setting.' This option is the most appropriate because it aligns with the concept of naturalistic observation, where behavior is observed in its natural environment without interference or manipulation. In this scenario, Katherine is observing her staff during her daily rounds without any alterations to their behavior or environment. This allows for a more authentic and unbiased assessment of their performance. Options B, C, and D are not as relevant to the concept of naturalistic observation and do not accurately describe the situation presented in the question.