Nursing Elites

1. Identify the spectator ions in the reaction: 2KCl + Pb(NO3)2 → 2KNO3 + PbCl2.

• A. K+ and NO3-
• B. K+ and Cl-
• C. Pb2+ and NO3-
• D. Pb2+ and Cl-

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: - In the reaction, potassium ions (K+) and chloride ions (Cl-) are present on both sides of the equation. They are not involved in the formation of the products and remain unchanged. - Lead ions (Pb2+) and nitrate ions (NO3-) are involved in the formation of the products potassium nitrate (KNO3) and lead(II) chloride (PbCl2). - Therefore, the spectator ions in this reaction are K+ and Cl-.

2. Which type of waves travel by causing particles in the medium to vibrate parallel to the direction of wave travel?

• A. Transverse waves
• B. Longitudinal waves
• C. Surface waves
• D. Electromagnetic waves

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Longitudinal waves are waves in which the particles of the medium vibrate parallel to the direction of wave travel. This type of wave is characterized by compressions and rarefactions in the medium, where the particles move back and forth in the same direction as the wave. Transverse waves, on the other hand, cause particles to vibrate perpendicular to the direction of wave travel. Surface waves are a combination of both longitudinal and transverse motion, while electromagnetic waves do not require a medium and can travel through a vacuum.

3. The important decision will be made tomorrow. Which word is the comparative form of the adjective "important"?

• A. important
• B. importantly
• C. more important
• D. most important

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The comparative form of an adjective compares two things.

4. A news article claims a scientist has discovered a single, universal cure for all allergies. This claim seems:

• A. Entirely plausible and should be immediately accepted.
• B. Unlikely and warrants further investigation and verification.
• C. Impossible because allergies have diverse causes.
• D. Irrelevant as long as it can help some people alleviate suffering.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Science rarely offers universal solutions for complex biological phenomena. Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence and independent verification.

5. What is the process by which a population gradually loses genetic variation?

• A. Founder effect
• B. Bottleneck effect
• C. Gene flow
• D. Speciation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: A) Founder effect: This occurs when a small group of individuals establishes a new population, leading to a loss of genetic variation compared to the original population. It does not necessarily result in a gradual loss of genetic variation in an existing population. B) Bottleneck effect: This process occurs when a population is drastically reduced in size, leading to a significant loss of genetic variation due to the limited number of individuals contributing to the gene pool. The reduced genetic diversity can have long-term effects on the population's ability to adapt to environmental changes. C) Gene flow: This refers to the movement of genes between populations, which can introduce new genetic variation and prevent populations from diverging. Gene flow does not lead to a gradual loss of genetic variation within a population. D) Speciation: This is the process by which new species evolve from existing species, often involving the accumulation of genetic differences that l

6. What is the shape of the DNA molecule?

• A. Linear
• B. Circular
• C. Double helix
• D. Straight chain

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: The shape of the DNA molecule is a double helix. This structure was first described by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953. The double helix shape consists of two strands that are twisted around each other in a spiral. This shape allows DNA to be compactly stored within the cell nucleus and provides stability to the molecule. The other options (A) Linear, (B) Circular, and (D) Straight chain do not accurately describe the shape of the DNA molecule.

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