Nursing Elites

1. Identify the spectator ions in the reaction: 2KCl + Pb(NO3)2 → 2KNO3 + PbCl2.

• A. K+ and NO3-
• B. K+ and Cl-
• C. Pb2+ and NO3-
• D. Pb2+ and Cl-

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: - In the reaction, potassium ions (K+) and chloride ions (Cl-) are present on both sides of the equation. They are not involved in the formation of the products and remain unchanged. - Lead ions (Pb2+) and nitrate ions (NO3-) are involved in the formation of the products potassium nitrate (KNO3) and lead(II) chloride (PbCl2). - Therefore, the spectator ions in this reaction are K+ and Cl-.

2. The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that plays a crucial role in breathing. When it contracts, what happens?

• A. Air is expelled from the lungs.
• B. The lungs expand to allow air intake.
• C. The vocal cords vibrate to produce sound.
• D. The trachea narrows to control airflow.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle located beneath the lungs. When it contracts, it moves downward, creating more space in the chest cavity. This downward movement of the diaphragm allows the lungs to expand, which lowers the air pressure inside the lungs. As a result, air from the outside rushes in to equalize the pressure, leading to inhalation. Therefore, when the diaphragm contracts, it facilitates the intake of air into the lungs, making option B, 'The lungs expand to allow air intake,' the correct answer.

3. A pressure vessel has a cylindrical body (diameter 10cm, height 20cm) with hemispherical ends (same diameter as the cylinder). What is its total surface area?

• A. 785 sq cm
• B. 1130 sq cm
• C. 1570 sq cm
• D. 2055 sq cm

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Calculate the surface area of the cylinder (base + lateral surface) and two hemispheres. Add them all up for the total surface area.

4. Which property of a substance refers to the force exerted on an object due to gravity?

• A. Mass
• B. Weight
• C. Density
• D. Volume

Correct answer:

Rationale: Weight is the measure of the force exerted on an object due to gravity. It is calculated as mass multiplied by the acceleration due to gravity.

5. Which type of cell division is responsible for sexual reproduction?

• A. Mitosis
• B. Meiosis
• C. Amitosis
• D. Cytokinesis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: Meiosis is the type of cell division responsible for sexual reproduction. During meiosis, a single cell undergoes two rounds of division to produce four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This reduction in chromosome number is essential for sexual reproduction, as it ensures that when two gametes (sperm and egg) combine during fertilization, the resulting zygote will have the correct number of chromosomes. Mitosis, on the other hand, is a type of cell division that produces two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell and is involved in growth, repair, and asexual reproduction. Amitosis is a rare form of cell division that does not involve the typical processes of mitosis or meiosis. Cytokinesis is the process of dividing the cytoplasm of a cell after mitosis or meiosis.

6. What is the main function of the gallbladder?

• A. To store and concentrate bile
• B. To produce digestive enzymes
• C. To absorb nutrients
• D. To neutralize stomach acid

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: The gallbladder is a small organ located beneath the liver that plays a crucial role in the digestive system. Its main function is to store and concentrate bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver. Bile is released from the gallbladder into the small intestine to help with the digestion and absorption of fats. The gallbladder acts as a reservoir for bile, allowing it to be released in a controlled manner when needed to aid in the digestion of fatty foods. Therefore, option A is the correct answer as it accurately describes the main function of the gallbladder.

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