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Nursing Elites

ATI TEAS 7

Biology

1. What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: A) Transcribes DNA into mRNA: This is the function of RNA polymerase, not transfer RNA (tRNA). tRNA is involved in protein synthesis, not transcription. B) Decodes the genetic code on mRNA: This is the function of tRNA during translation. tRNA molecules carry specific amino acids and recognize the codons on mRNA, ensuring the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain. C) Carries specific amino acids to the ribosomes: This is the primary role of tRNA in protein synthesis. Each tRNA molecule is specific for a particular amino acid and carries it to the ribosome, where it is added to the growing protein chain. D) Modifies the structure of proteins: This is not a function of tRNA. Protein modification can occur after translation is complete and involves other cellular processes and molecules.

2. A patient needs to take 2 tablets for every 30 pounds of body weight. If they weigh 150 pounds, how many tablets should they take?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Divide the patient's weight (150 pounds) by the ratio denominator (30 pounds/tablet) to get 5 tablets.

3. What happens during a physical change in matter?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: During a physical change in matter, the original substance undergoes a change in its physical state or appearance without any change in its chemical composition. This means that the original substance can be recovered by physical means, such as melting, freezing, boiling, or condensing. No new substance is formed (option A), the chemical composition remains the same (option B), and energy changes can occur but are not a defining characteristic of a physical change (option D).

4. In the cardiovascular system, what is the primary function of red blood cells?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'To transport oxygen throughout the body.' Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, a protein that binds to oxygen in the lungs and carries it to tissues throughout the body. This process is essential for cellular respiration, where oxygen is used to produce energy. Red blood cells do not fight infection (B), regulate blood clotting (C), or remove waste products (D); those functions are carried out by other components of the immune and circulatory systems.

5. What is the purpose of genetic counseling?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: To provide information and support to individuals and families with genetic risks. Genetic counselors explain the implications of genetic testing, discuss risks and options, and offer emotional and psychological support.

6. A lab report shows a potassium level of 4.5 millimoles per liter (mmol/L). Is this within the normal range of 3.5 to 5.3 mmol/L?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The potassium level of 4.5 mmol/L falls within the normal range provided (3.5 to 5.3 mmol/L). 5. An infant's feeding schedule prescribes 120 milliliters of formula every 3 hours. How many ounces of formula should be prepared for a 24-hour period?

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