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ATI TEAS 7

Biology

1. What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: A) Transcribes DNA into mRNA: This is the function of RNA polymerase, not transfer RNA (tRNA). tRNA is involved in protein synthesis, not transcription. B) Decodes the genetic code on mRNA: This is the function of tRNA during translation. tRNA molecules carry specific amino acids and recognize the codons on mRNA, ensuring the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain. C) Carries specific amino acids to the ribosomes: This is the primary role of tRNA in protein synthesis. Each tRNA molecule is specific for a particular amino acid and carries it to the ribosome, where it is added to the growing protein chain. D) Modifies the structure of proteins: This is not a function of tRNA. Protein modification can occur after translation is complete and involves other cellular processes and molecules.

2. Which of the following units is equivalent to a joule?

Correct answer: a

Rationale: A joule, as a unit of energy, is equivalent to a newton-meter in terms of work or energy.

3. Differentiate between gene therapy and genetic engineering in the context of human intervention.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: A) Incorrect. Gene therapy does aim to modify existing genes within body cells, but genetic engineering does not necessarily manipulate genes in embryos to be passed on to offspring. Genetic engineering can involve modifying genes in any type of cell, not just embryos. B) Correct. Gene therapy is a medical intervention that aims to treat genetic diseases by correcting or replacing faulty genes within an individual's body cells. On the other hand, genetic engineering involves modifying genes to enhance specific traits or eliminate undesirable ones, often in the context of agriculture or biotechnology. C) Incorrect. While both gene therapy and genetic engineering involve altering DNA sequences, the distinction lies in the target cells. Gene therapy targets somatic cells (non-reproductive cells), while genetic engineering typically involves modifying germline cells (reproductive cells that can pass on genetic changes to offspring). D) Incorrect. There is

4. A spring with a spring constant of 100 N/m is stretched 0.2 m from its equilibrium position. What is the potential energy stored in the spring?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Potential energy in a spring is calculated as 1/2 * k * x², where k is the spring constant and x is the displacement from equilibrium. Therefore, the potential energy is 1/2 * 100 N/m * (0.2 m)² = 4 J.

5. In the phrase "a drop in the bucket," "bucket" represents:

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The phrase signifies that something is insignificant compared to a much larger amount.

6. 1. An object is initially at rest. Which of the following will definitely NOT cause it to move?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: No force acting on it. According to Newton's first law of motion, an object at rest will stay at rest unless acted upon by a net force.

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