Nursing Elites

1. What does the term "colligative property" refer to in solutions?

• A. Properties that depend on the nature of the solute particles
• B. Properties that depend on the concentration of solute particles
• C. Properties that depend on the temperature of the solution
• D. Properties that depend on the pressure of the solution

Correct answer: b

Rationale: Colligative properties are dependent on the number of solute particles in a solution, not their nature. The other choices do not accurately define colligative properties.

2. Inhalation

• A. Expiration
• B. Respiration
• C. Aspiration
• D. Aspiration

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Respiration.' Inhalation refers to the process of breathing in air, while respiration is the overall process of gas exchange in the body, including both inhalation and exhalation. Expiration refers specifically to the process of breathing out air. Aspiration, on the other hand, refers to the act of inhaling foreign objects into the lungs, which can be harmful. Therefore, 'Respiration' is the most appropriate term related to 'Inhalation' as it encompasses the entire process of breathing and gas exchange in the body.

3. Rectangle: A picture frame measures 15cm by 20cm. What is its perimeter?

• A. 30cm
• B. 55cm
• C. 65cm
• D. 75cm

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Add the lengths of all sides: perimeter = 2 (length + width) = 2 (15cm + 20cm) = 65cm.

4. The term "double circulation" in the cardiovascular system refers to

• A. The separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood flow within the heart.
• B. The regulation of blood pressure through vasoconstriction and vasodilation
• C. The cyclic contraction and relaxation of the heart muscle.
• D. The existence of two separate circulatory pathways, one for the lungs and one for the body.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The term 'double circulation' in the cardiovascular system refers to the existence of two separate circulatory pathways, one for the lungs (pulmonary circulation) and one for the body (systemic circulation). In pulmonary circulation, deoxygenated blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs to pick up oxygen and release carbon dioxide. Then, oxygenated blood returns to the heart to be pumped out to the rest of the body in systemic circulation. This separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood flow in different pathways is what distinguishes the double circulation system. Therefore, option D is the correct answer as it accurately describes the concept of double circulation in the cardiovascular system.

5. Which hormone, produced by the pancreas, is released in response to low blood sugar levels and stimulates the release of glucose into the bloodstream?

• A. Insulin
• B. Glucagon
• C. Cortisol
• D. Thyroxine

Correct answer: b

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Glucagon. Glucagon is a hormone produced by the pancreas that is released in response to low blood sugar levels, also known as hypoglycemia. When blood sugar levels drop, glucagon acts to stimulate the liver to release stored glucose into the bloodstream, helping to raise blood sugar levels back to a normal range. Insulin, on the other hand, is released in response to high blood sugar levels and helps to lower blood sugar by promoting the uptake of glucose by cells. Cortisol is a stress hormone produced by the adrenal glands, and thyroxine is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that regulates metabolism. Therefore, glucagon is the hormone specifically responsible for stimulating the release of glucose into the bloodstream in response to low blood sugar levels.

6. Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas?

• A. Carbon dioxide
• B. Water vapor
• C. Nitrogen
• D. Methane

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: A) Carbon dioxide: Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that is naturally present in the Earth's atmosphere and is also released through human activities such as burning fossil fuels. B) Water vapor: Water vapor is a greenhouse gas that is naturally present in the atmosphere and plays a significant role in the Earth's climate system. C) Nitrogen: Nitrogen is not considered a greenhouse gas because it does not have the ability to absorb and emit infrared radiation in the same way that greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane do. D) Methane: Methane is a potent greenhouse gas that is released through natural processes such as wetland decomposition and human activities such as livestock farming and fossil fuel extraction. Therefore, the correct answer is C) Nitrogen, as it is not a greenhouse gas.

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