ATI TEAS 7
Anatomy
1. What is the difference between active and passive immunity?
- A. Active immunity is short-lived, while passive immunity is long-lasting.
- B. Active immunity involves the body's own immune response, while passive immunity provides immediate protection through antibodies from another source.
- C. Active immunity only protects against bacterial infections, while passive immunity works against both bacteria and viruses.
- D. Passive immunity requires repeated vaccinations, while active immunity is a one-time process.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Active immunity involves the body's own immune response, while passive immunity provides immediate protection through antibodies from another source." Active immunity is long-lasting because it involves the body's immune system producing memory cells that remember specific pathogens, providing long-term protection. Passive immunity, on the other hand, is short-lived as it involves receiving pre-formed antibodies from an external source, such as through maternal transfer or injection of antibodies, which do not create memory cells for long-lasting protection.
2. What type of energy is stored in food?
- A. Mechanical energy
- B. Kinetic energy
- C. Chemical potential energy
- D. Thermal energy
Correct answer: c
Rationale: Food stores energy in the form of chemical potential energy, which can be released during metabolic processes.
3. What is the neurotransmitter involved in muscle movement?
- A. Dopamine
- B. Acetylcholine
- C. Serotonin
- D. GABA
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter involved in muscle movement. It is released by motor neurons at the neuromuscular junction to stimulate muscle contraction. Dopamine is involved in reward and pleasure pathways in the brain, serotonin plays a role in mood regulation, and GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps to reduce neural activity. Understanding the specific roles of neurotransmitters is crucial in grasping their functions in the nervous system.
4. In a food chain, which trophic level captures energy from the sun?
- A. Decomposers
- B. Carnivores
- C. Producers
- D. Omnivores
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Producers, such as plants, algae, and some bacteria, are the organisms in a food chain that capture energy from the sun through the process of photosynthesis. They convert sunlight into chemical energy, which is then passed on to other organisms in the food chain. Producers are at the base of the food chain and form the foundation for all other trophic levels to obtain energy. Decomposers (option A) break down organic matter, carnivores (option B) consume other animals, and omnivores (option D) consume both plants and animals, but they do not directly capture energy from the sun.
5. A birdbath has a hemispherical bowl with a diameter of 30cm. What is its volume?
- A. 675 cu cm
- B. 1350 cu cm
- C. 2700 cu cm
- D. 4050 cu cm
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Use half the formula for a sphere's volume: (2/3) * π * (radius)^3. Calculate the radius (15cm) and substitute: (2/3) * π * (15cm)^3 ≈ 2700 cu cm.
6. Identify the interrogative sentence in the following options:
- A. The delicious pie disappeared quickly.
- B. What is your favorite color?
- C. Please open the window.
- D. He ran as fast as he could.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: An interrogative sentence asks a question and typically ends with a question mark.
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