1. Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the development of sex organs and secondary sex characteristics during puberty?

A. Growth hormone
B. Testosterone (in males) and Estrogen (in females
C. Insulin
D. Thyroid hormone

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Testosterone (in males) and Estrogen (in females). During puberty, the release of these sex hormones plays a crucial role in the development of sex organs and secondary sex characteristics. Testosterone is responsible for male characteristics like facial hair, deepening of the voice, and muscle growth, while Estrogen contributes to female features such as breast development and the widening of hips. Growth hormone primarily regulates overall growth and development, while Insulin is involved in glucose metabolism and Thyroid hormone controls metabolism and energy levels. Therefore, the correct choice is B as Testosterone and Estrogen are specifically responsible for the changes seen during puberty.

2. The scientist discovered a new species of butterfly in the rainforest. What is the past tense of the verb "discover"?

A. discovers
B. discovered
C. discovering
D. discovery

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The past tense of a verb describes an action that happened in the past.

3. Which of the following statements about prions is TRUE?

A. They are composed of proteins only
B. They are easily destroyed by common disinfectants
C. hey are a type of antibiotic
D. They are a live organism

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: A) This statement is true. Prions are infectious agents composed entirely of protein, lacking nucleic acids such as DNA or RNA. They are known for causing neurodegenerative diseases in animals and humans. B) This statement is false. Prions are not easily destroyed by common disinfectants due to their unique structure and resistance to conventional sterilization methods. C) This statement is false. Prions are not a type of antibiotic. They are a distinct class of infectious agents. D) This statement is false. Prions are not live organisms but rather misfolded proteins that can induce abnormal folding in normal proteins, leading to disease.

4. The phrase "think outside the box" encourages readers to:

A. Follow established procedures.
B. Be creative and find new solutions.
C. Accept traditional ideas.
D. Avoid making mistakes.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The phrase emphasizes unconventional thinking and exploring new approaches.

5. What is kwashiorkor, a protein deficiency disease, characterized by?

A. Muscle wasting
B. Night blindness
C. Scurvy
D. Rickets

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Kwashiorkor is a type of severe acute malnutrition caused by a deficiency of dietary protein. It is characterized by symptoms such as edema (swelling due to fluid retention), skin lesions, an enlarged liver with fatty infiltrates, and muscle wasting. Muscle wasting is a key feature of kwashiorkor due to the body breaking down muscle tissue to obtain essential amino acids for vital functions. Night blindness (option B) is a symptom of vitamin A deficiency, scurvy (option C) is caused by a lack of vitamin C, and rickets (option D) is a condition resulting from a deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate.

6. How can you predict the charge of an ion formed by an element based on its position on the periodic table?

A. Look for elements with similar atomic weights
B. Identify the group number, which often indicates the typical ionic charge
C. Identify the group number, which often indicates the typical ionic charge
D. Analyze the element's position within the period

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The group number of an element on the periodic table often indicates the typical ionic charge it will form. Elements in the same group tend to have similar chemical properties, including the tendency to gain or lose electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. This predictable pattern allows us to anticipate the charge of an ion formed by an element based on its position in the periodic table.