Nursing Elites

1. A study finds a link between increased sugar intake and obesity. Does this confirm sugar causes obesity?

• A. Yes, the study definitively proves causation.
• B. No, correlation does not equal causation, other factors might be involved.
• C. We need more research to isolate the specific role of sugar.
• D. This only applies to people with genetic predispositions to obesity.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Correlation suggests a link, but other factors might contribute. Further research is needed to establish the direction and strength of any causal relationship.

2. What is the work done by a force of 20 N acting on an object that moves 5 meters in the direction of the force?

• A. 100 Joules (J)
• B. 25 Joules (J)
• C. 4 Joules (J)
• D. Work cannot be determined without knowing the object's mass.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Work is defined as the force applied multiplied by the distance moved in the direction of the force. Work = force x distance = 20 N x 5 m = 100 J.

3. Ms. Valencia is responsible to the number of personnel reporting to her. This principle refers

• A. Span of control
• B. Unity of command
• C. Carrot and stick principle
• D. Esprit d’ corp

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Unity of command. Unity of command is a fundamental principle of management stating that each employee should receive orders from only one supervisor to avoid confusion and ensure clarity in the chain of command. In this scenario, Ms. Valencia's responsibility for the number of personnel reporting to her aligns with the concept of unity of command. Span of control refers to the number of subordinates a supervisor can efficiently manage, while the carrot and stick principle involves motivating employees through rewards and punishments. Esprit d’ corp refers to the sense of unity and camaraderie within a group.

4. Which hormone, produced by the adrenal glands, is essential for the regulation of electrolyte balance, particularly sodium and potassium, in the body?

• A. Aldosterone
• B. Epinephrine
• C. Cortisol
• D. Insulin

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Aldosterone. Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that plays a crucial role in regulating electrolyte balance, especially sodium and potassium levels in the body. It acts on the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium, which helps to maintain proper fluid balance and blood pressure. Epinephrine (B) is involved in the 'fight or flight' response, cortisol (C) is a stress hormone, and insulin (D) regulates blood sugar levels, but neither of these hormones primarily regulates electrolyte balance like aldosterone does.

5. Calcitonin, a hormone that helps regulate calcium levels, is produced by the:

• A. Thyroid gland
• B. Parathyroid gland
• C. Thymus gland
• D. Adrenal gland

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Thyroid gland." Calcitonin is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that helps regulate calcium levels in the body. It works in opposition to parathyroid hormone, which is produced by the parathyroid gland. The thymus gland is responsible for immune function, while the adrenal gland produces hormones like cortisol and adrenaline. Therefore, the thyroid gland is the specific gland responsible for producing calcitonin to regulate calcium levels in the body.

6. Alexandra is tasked to organize the new wing of the hospital. She was given the authority to

• A. Benevolent –authoritative
• B. Consultative
• C. Exploitive-authoritative
• D. Participative

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Participative. In a participative leadership style, Alexandra would involve the team members in decision-making and encourage their input when organizing the new wing of the hospital. This approach fosters collaboration, empowers team members, and can lead to better outcomes as everyone's perspectives are considered. Benevolent-authoritative (A) involves a leader who is kind and caring but makes decisions independently. Consultative (B) involves seeking input from team members but making the final decision independently. Exploitive-authoritative (C) involves a leader who uses their authority in a self-serving or oppressive manner. In this scenario, with the task of organizing a new wing of the hospital, a participative approach would be most effective in engaging the team and utilizing their expertise.

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