Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is NOT a primary producer in an ecosystem?

• A. Grass
• B. Deer
• C. Algae
• D. Mushroom

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: - A) Grass: Grass is a primary producer because it can photosynthesize and convert sunlight into energy, making it the base of the food chain. - B) Deer: Deer are consumers that feed on primary producers like grass, so they are not primary producers themselves. - C) Algae: Algae are primary producers that can photosynthesize and produce energy from sunlight. - D) Mushroom: Mushrooms are decomposers that break down organic matter, so they are not primary producers.

2. Which type of symbiosis is where both organisms benefit from the interaction?

• A. Mutualism
• B. Commensalism
• C. Parasitism
• D. Predation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Mutualism is a type of symbiosis in which both organisms involved benefit from the interaction. This relationship is characterized by cooperation and mutual support, leading to advantages for both parties. In mutualistic relationships, each organism provides something that the other needs, resulting in a mutually beneficial outcome. Examples of mutualism include the relationship between bees and flowers (pollination) and the partnership between nitrogen-fixing bacteria and leguminous plants.

3. What is the Aufbau principle?

• A. The principle that electrons fill orbitals in order of increasing energy.
• B. The principle that electrons cannot be in the same orbital with the same spin.
• C. The principle that the maximum number of electrons in an orbital is 2n^2, where n is the energy level of the orbital.
• D. The principle that the attractive force between an electron and the nucleus is inversely proportional to the distance between them.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The Aufbau principle is a fundamental concept in atomic structure that determines the order in which electrons fill the available orbitals in an atom. It states that electrons occupy orbitals in order of increasing energy levels, starting with the lowest energy level and progressing to higher energy levels. This principle is based on the fact that electrons in lower energy levels are more stable and have a lower energy state than electrons in higher energy levels.

4. Identify the pronoun in the following sentence: She quickly finished her homework before dinner.

• A. quickly
• B. finished
• C. her
• D. before

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Pronouns take the place of nouns. "Her" replaces a specific female person's name.

5. What is the function of the cell membrane?

• A. To protect the cell and control what enters and exits
• B. To store energy
• C. To produce proteins
• D. To synthesize lipids

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, serves as a protective barrier for the cell, separating the internal environment of the cell from the external environment. It is selectively permeable, meaning it controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell. This regulation of what enters and exits the cell is crucial for maintaining the cell's internal environment and ensuring proper functioning. Options B, C, and D are incorrect because storing energy, producing proteins, and synthesizing lipids are functions carried out by other cellular structures such as mitochondria, ribosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum, respectively, not the cell membrane.

6. What property of a substance refers to its ability to undergo a chemical change and form new substances?

• A. Density
• B. Mass
• C. Reactivity
• D. Volume

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Reactivity refers to a substance's ability to undergo a chemical change or reaction, forming new substances with different properties.

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