1. Which vitamin is crucial for calcium absorption and synthesized in the skin upon sun exposure?

A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin E

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Vitamin D. Vitamin D is crucial for calcium absorption as it helps the body absorb calcium from the diet. When the skin is exposed to sunlight, it produces vitamin D. This is why sunlight is often referred to as the 'sunshine vitamin.' Vitamin A (choice A) is important for vision and immune function, but not specifically for calcium absorption. Vitamin C (choice B) is essential for collagen production and immune function, but not directly related to calcium absorption. Vitamin E (choice D) is an antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage, but it is not primarily involved in calcium absorption like vitamin D.

2. Which hormone, produced by the pituitary gland, stimulates the growth and development of bones, muscles, and organs?

A. Growth hormone (GH)
B. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
C. Prolactin
D. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Growth hormone (GH). Growth hormone is produced by the pituitary gland and plays a crucial role in stimulating the growth and development of bones, muscles, and organs in the body. It promotes cell division, protein synthesis, and overall growth. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones, prolactin is involved in milk production after childbirth, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is responsible for the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles in females and sperm production in males, but they do not directly impact the growth and development of bones, muscles, and organs. Therefore, growth hormone is the hormone specifically known for its role in promoting growth and development in these areas.

3. What is the process of cells restoring damaged or lost tissues called?

A. Cell division
B. Cell differentiation
C. Cell growth
D. Cell regeneration

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: A) Cell division refers to the process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells. B) Cell differentiation is the process by which cells become specialized for specific functions. C) Cell growth is the increase in cell size or number. D) Cell regeneration is the process of cells restoring damaged or lost tissues by replacing or repairing the damaged cells. This process is essential for healing wounds and maintaining tissue integrity.

4. A set of integers can be classified as positive, negative, or zero. Which of the following statements about multiplying positive and negative integers is ALWAYS true?

A. The product will always be positive.
B. The product will always be negative.
C. The product will depend on the specific positive and negative numbers used.
D. Positive and negative integers cannot be multiplied

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: When multiplying a positive integer by a negative integer, the product will always be negative. This is a fundamental rule of arithmetic. The sign of the product is determined by the rule that states that a positive number multiplied by a negative number results in a negative number. Therefore, the statement that the product will always be negative is always true when multiplying positive and negative integers.

5. The process by which a solid changes directly into a liquid is called:

A. Melting
B. Condensation
C. Sublimation
D. Deposition

Correct answer: D

Rationale: While melting is a solid to liquid transition, deposition, also known as sublimation, refers to a gas directly changing into a solid.

6. How many bones are there in the adult human skeleton?

A. 126
B. 206
C. 300
D. 525

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 525. The adult human skeleton consists of 206 bones. However, when accounting for individual bones, many of them are paired (like the ribs and vertebrae), bringing the total count to 206 individual bones but 525 in total when considering pairs. This includes bones in the skull, spine, ribs, arms, hands, pelvis, legs, and feet. So, while there are 206 individual bones, the total number of bones in the adult human skeleton is 525 when considering pairs.