Nursing Elites

1. A closed system in ecology is one that:

• A. Exchanges energy but not matter
• B. Exchanges both energy and matter
• C. Exchanges neither energy nor matter
• D. Recycles nutrients efficiently

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: In ecology, a closed system is one that does not exchange matter with its surroundings but can exchange energy. This means that while energy can enter or leave the system, the amount of matter within the system remains constant. This definition aligns with option A, making it the correct answer. Options B and C are incorrect because a closed system does not exchange matter, and option D is not directly related to the definition of a closed system in ecology.

2. What is the term for a solution with a pH value less than 7?

• A. Acidic
• B. Neutral
• C. Alkaline
• D. Basic

Correct answer: a

Rationale: Solutions with a pH less than 7 are acidic. The other choices do not accurately describe solutions with a pH less than 7.

3. What is a group of organisms of the same species living in a particular area called?

• A. Community
• B. Population
• C. Ecosystem
• D. Habitat

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: A) Community refers to all the populations of different species living and interacting in a particular area. Since the question specifies organisms of the same species, community is not the correct answer. B) Population is a group of organisms of the same species living in a particular area. This term specifically refers to individuals of the same species and their interactions within a defined area. C) Ecosystem includes all the living organisms (biotic factors) and non-living components (abiotic factors) in a particular area and their interactions. While populations are part of an ecosystem, the term "ecosystem" is broader and includes multiple populations. D) Habitat refers to the specific environment where an organism lives, including the physical and biological factors. It is the place where a population or individual organism resides, but it does not specifically refer to a group of organisms of the same species.

4. A nurse administers 150mg of medication every 4 hours. How many milligrams will the patient receive in 24 hours?

• A. 300mg
• B. 600mg
• C. 750mg
• D. 900mg

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: - The patient receives 150mg of medication every 4 hours. - To calculate how many milligrams the patient will receive in 24 hours, we need to determine how many times the medication is administered in 24 hours. - Since the medication is administered every 4 hours, there are 24 hours in a day, so the medication will be administered 24 / 4 = 6 times in 24 hours. - Therefore, the total amount of medication the patient will receive in 24 hours is 150mg x 6 = 900mg.

5. Which of the following organs is responsible for churning and mechanically breaking down food?

• A. Small intestine
• B. Large intestine
• C. Stomach
• D. Esophagus

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: The stomach is responsible for churning and mechanically breaking down food. It contains muscles that contract and relax to mix food with digestive juices, breaking it down into smaller particles. This mechanical digestion process helps prepare the food for further digestion and absorption in the small intestine. The small intestine is primarily responsible for the absorption of nutrients, the large intestine absorbs water and salts, the esophagus is a muscular tube that transports food from the mouth to the stomach.

6. During exercise, heart rate increases to deliver more oxygen to the body's tissues. What other cardiovascular response also increases?

• A. Blood pressure decreases
• B. Blood vessel diameter narrows
• C. Blood flow to muscles increases
• D. Blood viscosity thickens

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Blood pressure decreases.' When the heart rate increases during exercise to deliver more oxygen to the body's tissues, the blood pressure also tends to decrease. This is due to the enhanced efficiency of the heart in pumping blood, resulting in a lower pressure exerted on the blood vessel walls. In contrast, options B and D are incorrect as blood vessel diameter typically widens (dilates) during exercise to facilitate increased blood flow, and blood viscosity does not usually thicken during exercise. Option C is a distractor as blood flow to muscles indeed increases during exercise to meet the higher demand for oxygen and nutrients.

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