Nursing Elites

1. During exercise, heart rate increases to deliver more oxygen to the body's tissues. What other cardiovascular response also increases?

• A. Blood pressure decreases
• B. Blood vessel diameter narrows
• C. Blood flow to muscles increases
• D. Blood viscosity thickens

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Blood pressure decreases.' When the heart rate increases during exercise to deliver more oxygen to the body's tissues, the blood pressure also tends to decrease. This is due to the enhanced efficiency of the heart in pumping blood, resulting in a lower pressure exerted on the blood vessel walls. In contrast, options B and D are incorrect as blood vessel diameter typically widens (dilates) during exercise to facilitate increased blood flow, and blood viscosity does not usually thicken during exercise. Option C is a distractor as blood flow to muscles indeed increases during exercise to meet the higher demand for oxygen and nutrients.

2. Scientists compare the DNA of different organisms to understand evolutionary relationships. What is this type of evidence called?

• A. Morphological evidence (comparing body structures)
• B. Biochemical evidence (comparing molecules like proteins)
• C. Geographic distribution evidence (where organisms live)
• D. Genetic evidence (comparing DNA sequences)

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: A) Morphological evidence involves comparing body structures of organisms, which can provide information about evolutionary relationships based on physical similarities and differences. However, DNA comparison is a more direct and accurate method for understanding evolutionary relationships. B) Biochemical evidence involves comparing molecules like proteins, which can also provide insights into evolutionary relationships. However, DNA comparison is considered more reliable due to the direct relationship between DNA sequences and genetic information. C) Geographic distribution evidence refers to where organisms live and how their distribution may provide clues about evolutionary history. While this can be informative, it is not as direct or specific as comparing DNA sequences. D) Genetic evidence involves comparing DNA sequences of different organisms to understand their evolutionary relationships. DNA comparison is a powerful tool in evolutionary biology because it provides

3. In which direction do the particles of the medium move in a transverse wave?

• A. Perpendicular to the direction of wave travel
• B. Parallel to the direction of wave travel
• C. In a circular motion
• D. Opposite to the direction of wave travel

Correct answer: a

Rationale: In a transverse wave, particle displacement occurs perpendicular to the direction of wave travel.

4. What is the process by which a large, unstable nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei, releasing neutrons and energy?

• A. Alpha decay
• B. Beta decay
• C. Gamma decay
• D. Nuclear fission

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Nuclear fission involves splitting a heavy nucleus into smaller fragments, releasing neutrons and energy.

5. Which division of the nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, preparing the body to respond to stressful situations?

• A. Somatic nervous system
• B. Autonomic nervous system
• C. Peripheral nervous system
• D. Central nervous system

Correct answer: b

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Autonomic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary bodily functions, including the 'fight or flight' response. This response is crucial for survival, triggering the body to prepare for action in stressful situations by increasing heart rate, dilating pupils, and releasing adrenaline. The somatic nervous system (A) controls voluntary movements, the peripheral nervous system (C) connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body, and the central nervous system (D) consists of the brain and spinal cord, overseeing all bodily functions but not directly involved in the 'fight or flight' response.

6. What are the three main types of RNA?

• A. Messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA)
• B. DNA, RNA, and protein
• C. Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine
• D. Deoxyribose, ribose, and phosphate

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: - Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. - Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a structural component of ribosomes, which are the cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis. - Transfer RNA (tRNA) is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis. Options B, C, and D are incorrect: - Option B lists DNA, RNA, and protein, which are biomolecules but not the three main types of RNA. - Option C lists nitrogenous bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine) found in DNA, not types of RNA. - Option D lists components of nucleotides (deoxyribose, ribose, and phosphate), which are building blocks of nucleic

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