Nursing Elites

1. A study finds a link between increased screen time and lower academic performance. What additional information would be most helpful in interpreting this finding?

• A. The average socioeconomic status of the study participants.
• B. The specific types of screen activities participants engaged in.
• C. Whether the students had access to healthy meals and snacks.
• D. The participants' ages and grade levels.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Knowing the specific types of screen activities participants engaged in would provide crucial context for interpreting the link between increased screen time and lower academic performance. For example, if the majority of screen time was spent on educational apps or programs, the impact on academic performance may differ compared to if the screen time was mostly spent on social media or gaming. Understanding the nature of screen activities can help determine the potential mechanisms behind the observed relationship.

2. In which part of the cell are proteins modified, sorted, and packaged for transport?

• A. Ribosomes
• B. Golgi apparatus
• C. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
• D. Lysosomes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for transport. After proteins are synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), they are transported to the Golgi apparatus where they undergo post-translational modifications and are sorted into vesicles for transport to their final destinations. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, the endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis and folding, and lysosomes are responsible for digesting cellular waste. Therefore, the correct answer is B, Golgi apparatus, as it is specifically involved in the modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins for transport.

3. The constituents of an atomic nucleus consist of:

• A. Electrons and protons only
• B. Protons and neutrons only
• C. Electrons, protons, and neutrons
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Protons and neutrons only." This is because the atomic nucleus is composed of protons, which carry a positive charge, and neutrons, which are neutral. Electrons are found outside the nucleus in electron shells. Protons and neutrons are collectively known as nucleons and are responsible for the mass of the atom. Electrons are much lighter and are involved in chemical reactions and bonding. Therefore, the constituents of an atomic nucleus are specifically protons and neutrons, making option B the correct choice.

4. What is the final stage of both mitosis and meiosis?

• A. Interphase
• B. Telophase
• C. Cytokinesis
• D. G1 phase

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: - Interphase (option A) is not the final stage of mitosis or meiosis; it is the phase before cell division where the cell prepares for division by growing and replicating its DNA. - Telophase (option B) is the final stage of both mitosis and meiosis. During telophase, the separated chromosomes reach opposite poles of the cell, the nuclear membrane reforms around each set of chromosomes, and the chromosomes begin to decondense. - Cytokinesis (option C) is the process of dividing the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells. While it occurs after telophase, it is not considered the final stage of mitosis or meiosis. - G1 phase (option D) is the first gap phase in the cell cycle, occurring before DNA replication. It is not the final stage of mitosis or meiosis.

5. What is the name of the condition characterized by swelling caused by a buildup of lymph fluid?

• A. Anemia
• B. Edema
• C. Hypertension
• D. Diabetes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Edema. Edema is the condition characterized by swelling caused by a buildup of lymph fluid in the body's tissues. Anemia (A) is a condition characterized by a lack of healthy red blood cells, not swelling. Hypertension (C) is high blood pressure, which does not directly cause swelling. Diabetes (D) is a metabolic disorder affecting blood sugar levels and does not directly lead to lymph fluid buildup and swelling.

6. Which part of the neuron insulates and speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses along the axon?

• A. Dendrite
• B. Myelin sheath
• C. Synapse
• D. Cell body

Correct answer: b

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Myelin sheath. The myelin sheath is a fatty substance that surrounds the axon of a neuron, acting as an insulator to speed up the transmission of nerve impulses. It does this by creating gaps called nodes of Ranvier where the nerve impulses jump from one node to the next, allowing for faster signal conduction. Dendrites are branch-like extensions that receive signals from other neurons, the synapse is the junction between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released, and the cell body contains the nucleus and organelles of the neuron, but it is the myelin sheath that specifically insulates and speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses along the axon.

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