Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following represents a form of potential energy?

• A. A moving car
• B. A spinning top
• C. A raised hammer
• D. A rolling ball

Correct answer: c

Rationale: A raised hammer possesses potential energy due to its elevated position relative to the ground.

2. A doctor orders 1 gram of a medication to be administered intravenously. The available vial contains 200 milligrams per milliliter. How many milliliters of the solution should be drawn up?

• A. 4 milliliters
• B. 5 milliliters
• C. 10 milliliters
• D. 20 milliliters

Correct answer: B

Rationale: First convert grams to milligrams (1 gram * 1000 milligrams/gram = 1000 milligrams). Then, divide the desired dosage by the concentration per milliliter: 1000 milligrams / 200 milligrams/milliliter = 5 milliliters.

3. Which of the following organs is responsible for the mechanical breakdown of food into smaller pieces?

• A. Esophagus
• B. Stomach
• C. Small intestine
• D. Mouth

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Mouth. The mouth is responsible for the mechanical breakdown of food into smaller pieces through the process of chewing. The teeth in the mouth help to grind and crush food into smaller particles, making it easier for digestion to occur. The esophagus is a muscular tube that transports food to the stomach but does not contribute to mechanical breakdown. The stomach is responsible for further breaking down food using acid and enzymes, while the small intestine is mainly involved in the absorption of nutrients. Therefore, the mouth plays a crucial role in the initial mechanical digestion of food.

4. What is the function of the underlined phrase "with a mischievous grin" in the sentence "He approached her with a mischievous grin, his eyes twinkling"?

• A. Subject
• B. Direct object
• C. Adverbial phrase
• D. Appositive phrase

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The underlined phrase modifies the verb "approached" by describing his manner, making it an adverbial phrase.

5. The feedback loop is a crucial concept in endocrine regulation. In a negative feedback loop, high levels of a hormone can:

• A. Further stimulate the release of the same hormone
• B. Inhibit the release of the hormone or its production
• C. Have no effect on the hormone's regulation
• D. Increase the need for another hormone entirely

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In a negative feedback loop, high levels of a hormone signal the body to stop producing more of that hormone in order to maintain homeostasis. This is a self-regulating mechanism to prevent excessive levels of the hormone. Option B is correct because in this scenario, the high levels of the hormone will inhibit its further release or production. This feedback loop helps ensure that hormone levels stay within a narrow range, preventing overstimulation or imbalance in the endocrine system. Options A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the concept of negative feedback regulation in endocrine systems.

6. The number of protons in an atom is determined by its:

• A. Atomic mass
• B. Electron configuration
• C. Chemical properties
• D. Atomic number

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Atomic number is a fundamental property of an element and is independent of its mass, electron configuration, or chemical behavior.

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