Nursing Elites

1. What is the functional group present in ethers?

• A. Hydroxyl
• B. Carbonyl
• C. Ether
• D. Amine

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Ethers have the functional group -O-, representing an oxygen atom bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups. The other choices are associated with different functional groups.

2. he shimmering image of water seen on a hot road is a well-known example of:

• A. Reflection
• B. Refraction
• C. Interference
• D. Polarization

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The shimmering image of water seen on a hot road is a classic example of refraction. Refraction occurs when light waves pass from one medium to another, causing them to change direction due to the change in speed. In this scenario, the air above the road is hotter than the air closer to the ground, creating different densities of air which causes light to bend and distort, giving the illusion of water. Reflection, on the other hand, is the bouncing back of light waves from a surface, interference involves the superposition of two or more waves, and polarization is the orientation of light waves in a specific direction. Therefore, option B, refraction, is the correct answer in this case.

3. Stretch marks occur when

• A. The dermis layer becomes inflamed
• B. The dermis layer becomes inflamed
• C. The dermis layer tears due to rapid stretching
• D. Sebaceous glands become clogged

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Stretch marks occur when the dermis layer tears due to rapid stretching. During periods of rapid growth or weight gain, the skin may stretch beyond its capacity, causing the dermis layer to tear and resulting in the formation of stretch marks. Inflammation or clogged sebaceous glands do not directly cause stretch marks, making options A, B, and D incorrect. It is important to understand the physiological process behind stretch marks to identify the correct answer.

4. What type of energy is stored in food?

• A. Mechanical energy
• B. Kinetic energy
• C. Chemical potential energy
• D. Thermal energy

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Food stores energy in the form of chemical potential energy, which can be released during metabolic processes.

5. What are the white blood cells responsible for coordinating the immune response called?

• A. Red blood cells
• B. Platelets
• C. Lymphocytes
• D. Neutrophils

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: "Lymphocytes." Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in coordinating the immune response. There are two main types of lymphocytes: B cells, which produce antibodies to target pathogens, and T cells, which directly attack infected cells. Neutrophils (option D) are another type of white blood cell involved in the immune response by engulfing and destroying pathogens. Red blood cells (option A) are responsible for carrying oxygen to body tissues, while platelets (option B) are involved in blood clotting. Therefore, lymphocytes are specifically responsible for coordinating the immune response, making them the correct answer to this question.

6. The deeper layer of the skin, containing connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerve endings, is called the:

• A. Epidermis
• B. Dermis
• C. Hypodermis
• D. Stratum corneum

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dermis. The dermis is the deeper layer of the skin that contains important structures such as connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerve endings. It plays a crucial role in providing support and nourishment to the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. The epidermis, option A, is actually the outermost layer responsible for protecting the body from environmental factors. The hypodermis, option C, is the deepest layer of the skin that primarily consists of fat and connective tissue. Stratum corneum, option D, is the outermost layer of the epidermis composed of dead skin cells. Therefore, the dermis is the correct answer in this case.

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