Nursing Elites

1. What phenomenon occurs when a wave encounters a change in medium causing a change in its speed and direction?

• A. Refraction
• B. Reflection
• C. Diffraction
• D. Interference

Correct answer: a

Rationale: Refraction happens when a wave changes its speed and direction due to encountering a change in medium.

2. Which of the following numbers is the greatest common factor (GCF) of 12 and 18?

• A. 2
• B. 3
• C. 6
• D. 9

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The GCF is the largest number that is a factor of both 12 and 18. We can factor each number to find common factors: 12 = 2 x 2 x 3 and 18 = 2 x 3 x 3. The greatest common factor that appears in both factorizations is 6 (2 x 3).

3. A block slides down a frictionless inclined plane. What determines its final velocity at the bottom?

• A. The length of the incline
• B. The angle of the incline
• C. The mass of the block
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In the absence of friction, the final velocity depends only on the gravitational potential energy gained, which is determined by the height difference related to the angle of the incline.

4. Dandruff is caused by

• A. Excessive sebum production (This can contribute to oily dandruff)
• B. Bacterial infection (This can cause scalp folliculitis, not dandruff)
• C. Overgrowth of a specific type of fungus on the scalp
• D. Lack of proper skin hydration

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Dandruff is primarily caused by an overgrowth of a specific type of fungus called Malassezia on the scalp. This fungus feeds on the natural oils produced by the hair follicles, leading to an inflammatory response in some individuals, resulting in flaking and itching. Excessive sebum production can contribute to oily dandruff by providing more food for the fungus. Bacterial infections, such as scalp folliculitis, can cause symptoms similar to dandruff but are not the primary cause. Lack of proper skin hydration can contribute to dry scalp conditions but is not the main cause of dandruff.

5. Which of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left atrium of the heart?

• A. Pulmonary artery
• B. Pulmonary vein
• C. Aorta
• D. Inferior vena cava

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pulmonary vein. The pulmonary vein is the blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart. Oxygenated blood flows from the lungs through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium of the heart, where it is then pumped out to the rest of the body through the aorta. The pulmonary artery, on the other hand, carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. The aorta is the largest artery in the body and carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body. The inferior vena cava carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body back to the right atrium of the heart. Therefore, the correct choice is B, the pulmonary vein, as it specifically carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left atrium of the heart.

6. Which property of a wave determines its loudness in sound waves?

• A. Amplitude
• B. Wavelength
• C. Frequency
• D. Speed

Correct answer: a

Rationale: Amplitude in sound waves relates to the loudness or intensity of the sound.

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