1. Which test is commonly used to assess kidney function?

A. Complete blood count (CBC)
B. Blood sugar test
C. Urinalysis
D. Creatinine clearance test

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Creatinine clearance test. This test is commonly used to assess kidney function by measuring how well the kidneys are filtering waste products like creatinine from the blood. Creatinine is a waste product produced by muscles and is normally filtered out by the kidneys. A high level of creatinine in the blood can indicate reduced kidney function. Options A, B, and C are not specifically used to assess kidney function. A complete blood count (CBC) measures different components of the blood like red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. A blood sugar test is used to measure glucose levels in the blood. Urinalysis is a test that analyzes the urine for various substances like proteins, glucose, and blood cells, but it is not the primary test for assessing kidney function.

2. Which of the following is NOT a route of transmission for a sexually transmitted infection (STI)?

A. Unprotected sexual contact
B. Sharing contaminated needles
C. Deep kissing
D. Mother to child during childbirth

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: A) Unprotected sexual contact is a common route of transmission for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) as many STIs are spread through genital, anal, or oral sex without the use of barrier protection such as condoms. B) Sharing contaminated needles can also transmit STIs such as HIV and hepatitis B and C, especially among individuals who inject drugs. C) Deep kissing, while it can transmit certain infections like herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) or cytomegalovirus (CMV), is not a common route of transmission for most STIs. D) Mother to child transmission during childbirth can occur with certain STIs such as HIV, syphilis, and herpes, where the infection can be passed from the mother to the baby during delivery. Therefore, deep kissing (option C) is the correct answer as it is not a typical route of transmission for most STIs.

3. Which of the following situations represents work being done on an object?

A. Pushing against a wall without moving it
B. Carrying a heavy object without lifting it
C. Lifting a box to place it on a shelf
D. Holding a book stationary in your hand

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Work is done when a force is applied to move an object over a distance.

4. Differentiate between epithelial and connective tissue.

A. Epithelial tissue is exclusively found in the lungs, while connective tissue supports tendons.
B. Both are composed of cells, but epithelial tissue lines surfaces and glands, while connective tissue binds other tissues.
C. Epithelial tissue is more vascularized, while connective tissue is responsible for muscle contraction.
D. Epithelial tissue is the largest tissue type, while connective tissue is the smallest.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Epithelial tissue covers surfaces and lines organs, while connective tissue provides support and structure throughout the body. Both are composed of cells, but their functions and locations differ.

5. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the "rest and digest" response, promoting relaxation and conservation of energy?

A. Sympathetic nervous system
B. Parasympathetic nervous system
C. Somatic nervous system
D. Central nervous system

Correct answer: b

Rationale: The correct answer is B, the parasympathetic nervous system. This division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the "rest and digest" response, promoting relaxation and conservation of energy. When activated, it slows the heart rate, increases digestion, and helps the body rest and recover. The sympathetic nervous system, on the other hand, is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, preparing the body for action. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements, and the central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, coordinating all nervous system functions.

6. The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine. What enzyme breaks down proteins into amino acids?

A. Pepsin
B. Lipase
C. Amylase
D. Trypsin

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Trypsin. Trypsin is an enzyme produced by the pancreas and secreted into the small intestine where it plays a key role in breaking down proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids. Pepsin is produced in the stomach and specifically acts on protein, not in the small intestine. Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down fats, not proteins. Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates, not proteins. Therefore, Trypsin is the enzyme responsible for breaking down proteins into amino acids in the small intestine.