Nursing Elites

1. Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?

• A. Cerebellum
• B. Hypothalamus
• C. Occipital lobe
• D. Corpus callosum

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: The cerebellum is the part of the brain responsible for coordinating voluntary movements, balance, and posture. It receives information from the sensory systems, the spinal cord, and other parts of the brain to regulate motor movements. The hypothalamus is involved in regulating various bodily functions such as temperature, hunger, and thirst. The occipital lobe is primarily responsible for processing visual information. The corpus callosum is a structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain and facilitates communication between them.

2. Which hormone, produced by the adrenal glands, prepares the body for a "fight or flight" response by increasing heart rate, dilating airways, and mobilizing energy stores?

• A. Cortisol
• B. Aldosterone
• C. Epinephrine
• D. Insulin

Correct answer: c

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Epinephrine. Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is the hormone produced by the adrenal glands that prepares the body for a 'fight or flight' response. It increases heart rate to pump more blood to muscles, dilates airways to improve oxygen intake, and mobilizes energy stores to provide immediate fuel for physical activity. Cortisol is a hormone involved in stress response and metabolism regulation, but it does not directly trigger the rapid physiological changes associated with 'fight or flight.' Aldosterone regulates salt and water balance, while insulin regulates blood sugar levels, neither of which are directly involved in preparing the body for a rapid response to danger or stress.

3. The process by which one element changes into another through radioactive decay is known as:

• A. Transmutation
• B. Fission
• C. Fusion
• D. Oxidation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Transmutation - Radioactive decay alters the atomic structure, changing the element's identity (transmutation).

4. She decides to illustrate the organizational structure. Which of the following elements is

• A. Level of authority
• B. Lines of communication
• C. Span of control
• D. Unity of direction

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'Unity of direction.' In the context of illustrating organizational structure, unity of direction refers to the concept that activities within an organization should be directed towards a common goal. It ensures that all efforts are aligned and coordinated towards achieving the organization's objectives. This element helps in avoiding conflicts and confusion by providing clarity and focus on the overall mission of the organization, which is essential for effective organizational performance. Level of authority, lines of communication, and span of control are important elements in organizational structure as well, but in this scenario, unity of direction specifically pertains to the coordination and alignment of activities towards a common purpose.

5. Which force causes an object to move in a circular path?

• A. Tension force
• B. Frictional force
• C. Centripetal force
• D. Gravitational force

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Centripetal force is the force that acts towards the center of a circular path, keeping an object in circular motion.

6. The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine. What enzyme breaks down proteins into amino acids?

• A. Pepsin
• B. Lipase
• C. Amylase
• D. Trypsin

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Trypsin. Trypsin is an enzyme produced by the pancreas and secreted into the small intestine where it plays a key role in breaking down proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids. Pepsin is produced in the stomach and specifically acts on protein, not in the small intestine. Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down fats, not proteins. Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates, not proteins. Therefore, Trypsin is the enzyme responsible for breaking down proteins into amino acids in the small intestine.

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