Nursing Elites

1. The microscopic functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood is the:

• A. Ureter
• B. Nephron
• C. Renal pelvis
• D. Bladder

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nephron. The nephron is the microscopic functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and producing urine. It consists of the glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, and distal convoluted tubule. The other options, A: Ureter, C: Renal pelvis, and D: Bladder, are incorrect as they are not parts of the nephron but rather other structures involved in the urinary system. The ureter is a tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder, the renal pelvis is a funnel-shaped structure in the kidney that collects urine, and the bladder stores urine before it is excreted from the body.

2. Why are noble gas elements generally unreactive?

• A. They are too large and cannot form bonds easily.
• B. They lack valence electrons in their outermost shell.
• C. They have strong bonds within their own molecules.
• D. They have already achieved stable electron configurations.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: They have already achieved stable electron configurations. With completely filled outermost shells, noble gas elements have no need to gain or lose electrons, minimizing their tendency to participate in chemical reactions.

3. What is the term for the reaction between an acid and a base to produce water and a salt?

• A. Combustion
• B. Neutralization
• C. Oxidation
• D. Decomposition

Correct answer: b

Rationale: Neutralization is the reaction between an acid and a base to produce water and a salt. The other choices do not accurately describe neutralization.

4. Aubrey thinks about primary nursing as a system to deliver care. Which of the following

• A. Collaborates with the physician
• B. Provides care to a group of patients together with a group of nurses
• C. Provides care for 5-6 patients during their hospital stay.
• D. Performs comprehensive initial assessment

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Primary nursing is a care delivery system where one nurse is responsible for the total nursing care needs of a group of patients throughout their hospital stay. This includes performing comprehensive initial assessments, developing care plans, coordinating with other healthcare team members, and providing direct patient care. Option D is the correct answer as it aligns with the core principles of primary nursing, emphasizing the nurse's role in conducting thorough assessments to ensure individualized and holistic care for each patient in their caseload. Options A, B, and C do not accurately reflect the key components of primary nursing, making them incorrect choices.

5. What is the neurotransmitter involved in muscle movement?

• A. Dopamine
• B. Acetylcholine
• C. Serotonin
• D. GABA

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter involved in muscle movement. It is released by motor neurons at the neuromuscular junction to stimulate muscle contraction. Dopamine is involved in reward and pleasure pathways in the brain, serotonin plays a role in mood regulation, and GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps to reduce neural activity. Understanding the specific roles of neurotransmitters is crucial in grasping their functions in the nervous system.

6. The intricate network of blood vessels responsible for transporting blood throughout the body is the:

• A. Lymphatic system
• B. Circulatory system
• C. Nervous system
• D. Respiratory system

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Circulatory system. The circulatory system is responsible for transporting blood, oxygen, nutrients, and other substances throughout the body. It consists of the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), and blood. The lymphatic system (A) is a separate system that helps to maintain fluid balance in the body and plays a role in the immune response. The nervous system (C) is responsible for transmitting signals between different parts of the body and the brain. The respiratory system (D) is responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body through breathing. In this question, the circulatory system is specifically mentioned as the network of blood vessels responsible for transporting blood, making it the correct answer.

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