Nursing Elites

1. What is the building block of DNA?

• A. Amino acid
• B. Nucleotide
• C. Nucleotide
• D. Fatty acid

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: - Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, not DNA. - Nucleotide is the correct building block of DNA. A nucleotide consists of a sugar (deoxyribose in DNA), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine). - The option "C) Nucleotide" is a duplicate of the correct answer "B) Nucleotide." - Fatty acids are not the building blocks of DNA; they are a type of lipid molecule.

2. What is the process of copying DNA called?

• A. Transcription
• B. Translation
• C. Replication
• D. Mutation

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: A) Transcription is the process of creating an RNA copy of a segment of DNA. It involves the synthesis of mRNA from a DNA template. B) Translation is the process of synthesizing a protein from an mRNA template. It involves the conversion of the mRNA sequence into a sequence of amino acids. C) Replication is the process of copying DNA to produce an identical copy. During replication, the DNA double helix unwinds and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand, resulting in two identical DNA molecules. D) Mutation refers to a change in the DNA sequence that can result from errors during replication, exposure to mutagens, or other factors. While mutations can occur during replication, the process of copying DNA itself is called replication.

3. The primary function of the strong nuclear force is:

• A. Binding electrons in atomic orbitals
• B. Binding protons and neutrons within the nucleus
• C. Mediating the attractive force between opposite charges
• D. Mediating the repulsive force between like charges

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The strong nuclear force is responsible for binding protons and neutrons within the nucleus. This force is crucial for overcoming the electrostatic repulsion between positively charged protons in the nucleus, holding the nucleus together. Option A is incorrect as it refers to the role of the electromagnetic force in binding electrons in atomic orbitals. Option C describes the electromagnetic force that mediates the attraction between opposite charges, while option D refers to the electromagnetic force mediating the repulsion between like charges. Understanding the primary function of the strong nuclear force helps explain the stability and structure of atomic nuclei.

4. Which property of a substance measures the amount of matter per unit volume?

• A. Density
• B. Mass
• C. Weight
• D. Volume

Correct answer: a

Rationale: Density is the property that measures the amount of matter (mass) per unit volume of a substance. It is calculated as mass divided by volume.

5. The phrase "survival of the fittest" refers to:

• A. Organisms with the most complex anatomical structures are more likely to survive and reproduce.
• B. Organisms that demonstrate the best adaptations to their environment have a higher chance of survival and reproduction.
• C. All organisms have an equal probability of survival and reproductive success regardless of their traits.
• D. Only the strongest and most aggressive individuals within a population will survive and reproduce.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: The phrase "survival of the fittest" is often associated with the concept of natural selection, which was proposed by Charles Darwin. Natural selection is the process by which organisms that are best adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their advantageous traits to the next generation. This process does not necessarily favor the most complex anatomical structures (option A) or the strongest and most aggressive individuals (option D). Instead, it emphasizes the importance of adaptations that enhance an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a specific environment. Option C is incorrect because natural selection results in differential reproductive success based on an organism's traits, meaning that not all organisms have an equal probability of survival and reproductive success.

6. What is the scientific term for a broken bone?

• A. Osteoporosis
• B. Fracture
• C. Sprain
• D. Dislocation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Fracture.' A fracture is the scientific term used to describe a broken bone. Osteoporosis (A) is a condition where bones become weak and brittle, increasing the risk of fractures. A sprain (C) is an injury to a ligament, not a bone. A dislocation (D) occurs when the bones in a joint are forced out of their normal position, but it is not the term for a broken bone.

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